Elizabethan England (last minute elizabeth flashcards)
Why did the Spanish Armada fail?
- English ships were better armed and equipped (e.g. cannons could be reloaded and fired more quickly).
- Drake used fireships at the Battle of Gravelines, causing many Spanish ships to cut their anchors and drift in to the North Sea. English tactics were superior.
- Gale force winds destroyed many Spanish ships.
- Spanish ships lacked food and supplies.
- The Duke of Parma and the Duke of Medina Sidonia (commanding the Armada) were unable to communicate.
What were the consequences of Spain losing the Spanish Armada?
- The victory enhanced Elizabeth’s authority in England and abroad. Many saw it as a victory for Protestantism.
- The defeat of the Spanish led to a gradual decline of the Spanish Empire.
How much of the Population could read and write and why?
Only 15-20% of the population could read and write as very few went to school.
Why were attitudes to education (reading and writing) changing?
growth in trade and Protestantism increased the need for people to be able to read and write. The printing press made books cheaper.
What did Parish schools teach?
taught basic literacy to children of yeomen and craftsmen
What were grammar schools?
for ages 10-14. Fee paying but scholarships available for boys from poorer families
What were petty schools?
Up to the age of 10
Universities?
Oxford and Cambridge
Who had private tutors?
boys and girls, usually from richer families who were taught at home
What were some sports and pass times for the nobility?
Hunting, hawking, fishing, real tennis, bowls, fencing, baiting, cock fighting, dancing and music
What were some sports and pass times for Farmers, craftsmen and lower orders?
Football, wrestling, bull and bear baiting, cock fighting, dancing and music.
