Medicine: c1500-c1750

Question 1

alchemy

Answer 1

turning metals into medical cures

Question 2

anatomy

Answer 2

study of the human body

Question 3

the break from rome

Answer 3

1534 Henry VIII split england from catholic rome church

Question 4

iatrochemistry

Answer 4

looking for chemical remidies for diseases

Question 5

microscope

Answer 5

van leeuwenhoek
magnifies microscopic image for viewing

Question 6

continuity from medi to renai

Answer 6

god sent disease
astrology
miasma

Question 7

new causes of disease beliefs

Answer 7

chemical imbalances (Paracelsus)
stomach acid (van Helmont)
external factors (Sydenham)
animacule (Van Leeuwenhoek + Hooke)

Question 8

technological developments in causes of disease

Answer 8

• microscopes= Van leeuwenhoek observed bacteria they called ‘animacules’ for the firsy time allowing furthering medical understanding
• 1440 Gutenberg printing press allowed sharing ideas

Question 9

attitudes development in causes of disease

Answer 9

• church less strict
• humanism and secularism comes into act

Question 10

institutions development in causes of disease (Royal Society)

Answer 10

• 1660 the royal society
• promoted experimentations
• published Philosophical Transactions in 1665
• recieved royal charter from Charles II in 1662

Question 11

individuals developments in causes of disease (Sydenham)

Answer 11

• well respected physician
• encouraged moving away from trad books by galen hippo
• observed all syptoms together not alone and treated them together
• publised book called Medical observations (1676)

Question 12

changes in treatment providers

Answer 12

• surgeons became trained professionals with licenses
• physicians learned more iatrochem and anatomy
• apothecaries needed to get licenses to practice
• less hospital (by 1700 only 5 in eng)

Question 13

continuity in treatment providers renai and medi

Answer 13

• hospitals still rejected infected patients
• most people care for at home

Question 14

reasons for medical change ; institutions

Answer 14

church was less important after break with rome:
they did not control medical education
allowed dissections
allowed free writing

Question 14

reasons for medical change : individuals (Vesalius)

Answer 14

anatomist
- disproved 300 of galens incorrect ideas; eg he proved the jaw was one bone not two
- carried and promoted out many dissections = first dissection in Cambridge uniin 1565
- published On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) = used for edu in cambridge uni in 1560
- taught at Padua uni and incouraged dissection

Question 15

why was there still continuity in treatment of disease during renaissance

Answer 15

• people still religious = against dissections
• although physicians didnt, many ordinary ppl believed in miasma
• most ppl still believed theory of 4 humours

Question 16

the great plague

Answer 16

1665
killed 100000 in london
outbreak of bubonic plague

Question 17

beliefs in causes of 1665 plague

Answer 17

god = punishment for sin
astrology = unusual alignment between Saturn and Jupiter which was seen as unlucky
miasma = stinky rubbish caused illness
contagion = communicable so spread from ppl to ppl

Question 18

treatments of plague 1665

Answer 18

sweating out disease = layering blankets would rid u of disease
transference = strapping live chicken to buboes would braw out the disease from person
herbal remedies = quack doctors mixed remedies

Question 19

prevention of plague 1665

Answer 19

prayer to god for not getting it
quarantining to stop contagion theory
pomanders and posies carried
theriacs mixed
smoking tobacco removed miasma
government quarantined patients fpr 28 days at home
government cleaned streets

Question 20

individuals (harvey)

Answer 20

William Harvey
anatomist
vivisected live coldblooded animals to understand how the heart pumped blood
- published an anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood (1628)
- disected corpses to see veins circulating blood
- disproved galen= proved blood was not made by the liver
limitation
- harveys discovery only began to be taught in uni in 1673