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162 Exam #2 > Medications & Diagnostic Procedures > Flashcards

Medications & Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Cardiac Catheterization

A
  • invasive procedure
  • radiopaque catheter passes through large vein into the heart chamber.
  • precise O2 measurement
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2
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Chest x-ray

A
  • radiograph using irradiation
  • reveal size & contour of heart
  • characteristics of pulmonary vascular markings.
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3
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Echocardiography

A
  • non-invasive
  • ultrasound study of heart
  • identifies heart size, structure, pattern of movement, hemodynamics, blood flow.
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4
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Electrocardiography

A
  • ECG machine
  • records electrical impulses of heart via elctrodes
  • 12 leads
  • detection of cardiac dysrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, monitor ECG changes during stress test.
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5
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Exercise testing

A
  • treadmill test

- identify significant cardiac compensation or inadequate cardiac output.

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6
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Holter monitor

A
  • portable ECG
  • 24-48 hour recordings
  • detect rhythm disturbances
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7
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A
  • doughnut shaped cylinder

- images of heart’s myocardium, structure, valve function, blood vessels & other soft tissues

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8
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

Arterial Blood Gas

A
  • Arterial blood collected
  • monitor adequacy of ventilation & oxygenation
  • O2 carrying capacity
  • acid-base levels
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9
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

CBC

A
  • blood collected from vein
  • hematocrit & hemoglobin levels assessed
  • identify polycythemia or anemia
  • WBC provides evidence of infection
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10
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

Serum digoxin levels

A
  • blood from vein

- assess drug level range or toxicity

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11
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

Anti-streptolysin O

A

-provides documentation of a recent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

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12
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)

A

speed that RBC’s settle in a tube of anticoagulated blood

-changes in ESR help evaluate condition’s acuteness.

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13
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

C-reactive protein

A
  • provides evidence of inflammation

- used to monitor rheumatic fever

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14
Q

Cardiac Diagnostic Lab Tests:

Serum lipid panel

A

-detects dyslipidemias

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15
Q

Statin drugs

A
  • lovastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin (lipitor)
  • lipid lowering agent
  • slows coronary atherosclerosis
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16
Q

Antihypertensives:

Diuretics

A
  • furosemide (lasix), spironolactone, metolazone
  • reduce fluid volume in vessels
  • decreases: BP, edema
17
Q 
ACE inhibitors (RAAS drugs)
(angiotensin-converting enzyme)
A
  • lisinopril, losartan, valsartan
  • inhibits vasocsonstriction via angiotensin converting enzyme
  • acts on RAAS system
  • decrease BP
18
Q

Vasodilators

A
  • diazoxide, hydralizine
  • cause dilation of blood vessels
  • decrease: BP, & afterload in pt w/ CHF.
19
Q

Beta-blockers (adrenergic antagonists)

A
  • metoprolol
  • block beta1-adrenergic receptor sites in heart
  • treat HTN & stable angina
  • mask signs of hypoglycemia
20
Q

Nonselective Alpha/Beta Antagonist

A
  • carvedilol
  • treat: CHF, HTN, stable angina, idiopathic myopathy
  • decreases BP
  • may affect blood glucose
21
Q

Calcium-channel blockers

A
  • nifedipine, verapamil, ditiazem
  • reduces available calcium, muscle contractility, peripheral vascular resistance & BP.
  • treats: angina, dysrhythmias, HTN
  • migraines & CHF (off label use)
22
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A
  • digoxin
  • causes heart to beat more forcefully & more slowly
  • positive inotropic affect
  • improves cardiac output
  • monitor potassium
23
Q

Nitrates

A
  • nitroglycerine
  • potent vasodilator (of veins & arteries)
  • dilation of veins reduces preload.
  • monitor for hypotension
24
Q

Thrombolytics

A
  • alteplase, streptokinase

- dissolve clots resulting in MI or stroke.

162 Exam #2 (8 decks)

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