Medication Administration Flashcards
Absorption
Process by which medication enters the blood stream
Distribution
Process by which medication is delivered to the target cells and tissues
Metabolism (Drug Binding)
Process by which drug is chemically changed in the body
Excretion
Process of removing the drug or its metabolites from the body
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which a drug moves through the body and is eventually eliminated; consists of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics
The physiologic and biochemical effects of a drug on the body
May be systemic or local
Therapeutic Effects
A medication’s desired and intentional effects
Adverse Effects
Any effect other than the therapeutic effect
Side Effect
Minor adverse effect; mostly harmless
Tolerance
Developed decreased response to the drug; requires higher dose to achieve therapeutic effect
Allergic reaction
Result from an immunologic response; mild or severe
Toxicity
Results from overdose or build up of medication
Medication Interaction
When a medications effects are altered by the concurrent presence of other medications or food
Synergism- increases drug’s effects
Antagonism - decreases a drug’s effects
[In]Compatability
In some cases, a drug will precipitate from solutions, or chemically inactivate, if mixed with other medications
Drugs known to cause birth defects
Teratogenic
Some drugs are immediately absorbed in the liver
First pass metabolism
Enteroheptic Cycling
When drugs pass through the liver and are secreted back into the small intestine in the bile
Entry rate of a drug into the tissue depends on:
- The rate of blood flow into the tissue
- The tissue mass
- The rate at which entry/exit of the drug molecules between blood and tissue equlibriate
Medication Assessment: Initial assessment
Medical History
Allergies and Intolerances
Medical History
Pregnancy and lactation
Medication Assessment: Prior to Administering
MAR
Diet and fluid orders
Laboratory values
Physical assessment
Assessment Prior to Medication Teaching
Knowledge of meds
Learning style
Cognitive ability
Presence of physical and sensory disabilities
Lifestyle and financial considerations
Administration of Meds Routes:
Oral - oral, through tubes, sublingual/buccal
Topical - transdermal, ophthalmic, optic, nasal, rectal, vaginal
Inhaler
Parenteral - ID, Subq, IM, IV
Three Checks of Medication Administration
- Read the eMAR and select the proper medication from the supply system
- After retrieving the medication, compare it to the eMAR
- At the bedside after verifying the pt recheck again against eMAR
Six Rights of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
Insulin Type: Rapid
insulin lispro (Humalog)
insulin aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Type: Short
Regular
Humulin R
Novolin R
Insulin Type: Intermediate
NPH
Insulin Type: Long
glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
Insulin is injected [with and into]
With 1-mL syringe with 26-30 gauge
Into upper arm, anterior or lateral aspects of thigh, buttocks, or abdomen
100U = 1 mL
IM injections are given [with and into]
With 3 mL syringe and a 20-25 gauge, 1-3 in needle
Into deltoid, rectus femoris, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis (infant)
ID injections are given with
1 mL syringe with a short, half-inch small gauge 26-28
Kayexalate
Uses: Hyperkalemia, Lithium OD
ADV: Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia
