Medical Terminology of DIGESTION, METABOLISM & ENERGY PRODUCTION

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler one (requires energy)

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Metabolic pathway that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are used in anabolic reactions (releases energy)

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Sum of all chemical process in the body, turns what is consumed into energy

Question 4

Hypoxia

Answer 4

Condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Respiration in the presence of oxygen, to turn fuel such as fats and sugars into chemical energy

Question 6

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

Glycogen is stored in muscle and liver and released as glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids into the blood when needed

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

Breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid (needed in the Krebs cycle - reduces cytosol by increasing ratio of NADH to NAD+)

Question 8

Enzyme

Answer 8

Biological catalysts

Question 9

Transporter

Answer 9

Transporters (membrane transport/carrier proteins) are specialized membrane-spanning proteins that assist in the movement of ions, peptides, small molecules, lipids and macromolecules across a biological membrane

Question 10

Substrate

Answer 10

Reactant acted upon by an enzy

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus or DNA

Question 12

Malabsorption

Answer 12

Clinical term that refers to the impaired absorption of nutrients. It encompasses defects that occur during the digestion and absorption of food nutrients by, and infections of, the gastrointestinal tract

Question 13

Maldigestion

Answer 13

Impaired hydrolysis of nutrients or digestion

Question 14

Malnutrition

Answer 14

Lack of proper nutrition intake