Medical Terminology - Chapter 5 Flashcards by Nick Sweetman

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where has exchange with the bloodstream takes place are called…

Alveoli

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The four divisions of the abdomens used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury are the…

Abdominal quadrants

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The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. The body is erect, facing the observer, with arms down and the palms facing forward. This is called…

Anatomical position

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The study of body structure is…

Anatomy

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The positional term for the front of the body or body part is…

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The largest artery in the body that transports blood from the left ventricle to behind systemic circulation is the…

Aorta

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A small tube located near the junction or the small and large intensities in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. It’s function is not well understood. Under inflammation, it’s a common cause of abdominal pain.

Appendix

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The smallest kind of artery is the…

Arteriole

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Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart is called an…

Artery

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The two upper chambers of the heart which receive in oxygenated blood, and then oxygenated blood are called the…

Atria

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The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on it’s own is called…

Automaticity

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The division or the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions is the…

Automatic nervous system

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A positional term meaning on both sides is…

Bilateral

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The round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine is the…

Bladder

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The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels is called…

Blood pressure

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The artery of the upper arm and the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR is the…

Brachial artery

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The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs are the…

Bronchi

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A thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place is called the…

Capillary

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A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses to stimulate the heart to beat is the…

Cardiac conduction system

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The large neck arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head are the

Carotid arteries

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The brain and spinal cord make up the…

Central nervous system (CNS)

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The carotid and femoral pulses, felt in the central part or the body are the…

Central pulses

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A word root with an added vowel they can be joined with other word parts to form a new word is called a…

Combining form

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A word formed from two or more while words is called…

Compound

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Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium) are...

Coronary arteries

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx is the...

Cricoid cartilage

The inner (second) later of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis is the...

Dermis

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and is a major muscle of respiration is the...

Diaphragm

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling is...

Diastolic blood pressure

The system by which food travels through the body and is broken down into absorbable forms is the...

Digestive system

A positional term meaning farther away from the torso is...

Distal

A positional term referring to the back of the body, hand, or foot is...

Dorsal or posterior

The artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe is the...

Dorsalis pedis artery

The system of glands that produce chemicals called hormone that help to regulate many body activities and functions is the...

Endocrine system

The outer layer of skin is called the...

Epidermis

A leaf-shaped structure that prevents good and foreign matter from entering the trachea is the...

Epiglottis

A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilate respiratory passages and is used to relive severe allergic reactions.

Epinephrine

A passive process in which intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.

Exhalation

The major artery supplying the leg.

Femoral artery

A sitting position

Fowler position

A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver.

Gallbladder

Inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries. Also called shock.

Hypoperfusion

What is the positional term for away from/below the head

Inferior

An active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contact, expanding the size of the chest and allowing air to flow into the lungs

Inhalation

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

Insulin

Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

Involuntary muscle

Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regular fluid levels in the body

Kidneys

The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed toward excretion.

Large intestine

The voice box

Larynx

A directional term meaning to the side, away from the midline of the body

Lateral

Tissue that connects bone to bone

Ligament

The point where two bones comes together

Joint

The largest organ of the body which produces blue to assist in breakdown of days and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

Liver

The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place

Lungs

A positional term toward the midline of the body

Medial

A kind drawn vertically from the middle or the armpit to the ankle

Mid-auxiliary line

The line through the center of each clavicle

Mid-clavicular

An imaginary line drawn down he center of the body dividing it into right and left halves

Midline

Tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

Muscle

The system or bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

Musculoskeletal system

The area directly posterior to the nose

Nasopharynx

The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

Nervous system

The area directly posterior to the mouth

Oropharynx

Referring to the palm of the hand

Palmar

A gland located behind the stomach that produced insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

Pancreas

The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

Penis

The supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Perfusion

The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

The radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body

Peripheral pulses

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose.

Pharynx

The study of body function

Physiology

A flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object

Plane

Referring to the sole of the foot

Plantar

The fluid portion of the blood

Plasma

Components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

Platelets

Positional term meaning the back of the body or body part

Posterior

The artery supplying the foot, behind the ankle.

Posterior tibial artery

Word part added to the beginning of a root or word to modify its meaning

Prefix

Lying face down

Prone

Closer to the torso

Proximal

The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Pulmonary veins

The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

Pulse

Artery of the lower arm, felt when taking the pulse at the wrist

Radial artery

Lying on the side, the lateral recumbent position

Recovery position

Components of the blood that carry oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away.

Red blood cells

The body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of the blood

Renal system

The body system responsible for human reproduction

Reproductive system

The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

Respiration

The system or the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bring oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

Foundation of a word that can't stand on its own

Root

Another word for hypoperfusion

Shock

The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

Skin

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine

Small intestine

An organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

Spleen

Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

Stomach

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

Subcutaneous layers

Word part added to the end of a root or word to complete it's meaning.

Suffix

Toward the head

Superior

Lying on he back

Supine

The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood into circulation

Systolic blood pressure

Tissue that connects muscle to bone

Tendon

The male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm

Testes

The chest

Thorax

The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and form the Adam's apple.

Thyroid cartilage

The trunk of he body, not including the head or extremities

Torso

The "windpipe" structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

Trachea

Trendelburg position

A position where the patients feet and legs are higher than the head

The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

Ureters

The tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

Urethra

The female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

Uterus

The female organ of reproduction used for sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus.

Vagina

A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

Valve

Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

Vein

The two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium

Venae cavae

The process of moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

Ventilation

Referring to the front of the body

Ventral or anterior

The two lower chambers of the heart

Ventricles

The smallest kind of vein

Venule

Muscle that can be consciously controlled

Voluntary muscle

Components of the blood that produce substances that help the body fight infection

White blood cells