medical terminology - ch 5 Flashcards
Passage of materials through the walls of the
small intestine into the bloodstream
absorption
Small building blocks of proteins; released
when proteins are digested
amino acids
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary
glands to digest starch
amylase
Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract
to the outside of body
anus
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum
appendix
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in
the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules;
composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and
bile salts
bile
Pigment released by the liver in bile
bilirubin
Intestine
bowel
Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors;
also called cuspids or eyeteeth
canine teeth
First part of the large intestine
cecum
Consists of the ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid segments
colon
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to
the duodenum; also called the choledochus
common bile duct
Elimination of feces from the digestive tract
through the anus
defecation
Swallowing
deglutition
Primary material found in teeth; covered by
the enamel in the crown and a protective layer
of cementum in the root
dentin
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
digestion
First part of the small intestine; measures
12 inches long
duodenum
Act of removal of materials from the body
elimination
Physical process of breaking up large fat
globules into smaller globules
emulsification
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth
enamel
Chemical that speeds up reactions between
substances; enzyme names end in –ase
enzyme
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach
esophagus
Substances produced when fats are digested;
a category of lipids
fatty acids
Solid wastes; stool
feces
