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medical 9-10 > medical terminology - ch 5 > Flashcards

medical terminology - ch 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Passage of materials through the walls of the
small intestine into the bloodstream

A

absorption

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2
Q

Small building blocks of proteins; released
when proteins are digested

A

amino acids

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3
Q

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary
glands to digest starch

A

amylase

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4
Q

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract
to the outside of body

A

anus

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5
Q

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum

A

appendix

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6
Q

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in
the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules;
composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and
bile salts

A

bile

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7
Q

Pigment released by the liver in bile

A

bilirubin

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8
Q

Intestine

A

bowel

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9
Q

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors;
also called cuspids or eyeteeth

A

canine teeth

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10
Q

First part of the large intestine

A

cecum

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11
Q

Consists of the ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid segments

A

colon

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12
Q

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to
the duodenum; also called the choledochus

A

common bile duct

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13
Q

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract
through the anus

A

defecation

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14
Q

Swallowing

A

deglutition

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15
Q

Primary material found in teeth; covered by
the enamel in the crown and a protective layer
of cementum in the root

A

dentin

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16
Q

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

A

digestion

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17
Q

First part of the small intestine; measures
12 inches long

A

duodenum

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18
Q

Act of removal of materials from the body

A

elimination

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19
Q

Physical process of breaking up large fat
globules into smaller globules

A

emulsification

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20
Q

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

A

enamel

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21
Q

Chemical that speeds up reactions between
substances; enzyme names end in –ase

A

enzyme

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22
Q

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

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23
Q

Substances produced when fats are digested;
a category of lipids

A

fatty acids

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24
Q

Solid wastes; stool

A

feces

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25
Q

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

A

gallbladder

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26
Q

Simple sugar

A

glucose

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27
Q

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of
glycogen in liver cells

A

glycogen

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28
Q

Substance produced in the stomach;
necessary for digestion of food

A

hydrochloric acid

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29
Q

Third part of the small intestine

A

ileum

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30
Q

One of four front teeth in the dental arch

A

incisor

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31
Q

Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the
pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into
cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the
liver

A

insulin

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32
Q

Second part of the small intestine

A

jejunum

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33
Q

Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats

A

lipase

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34
Q

Large organ located in the RUQ of the
abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar,
iron, and vitamins; produces blood
proteins; destroys worn-out RBCs; filters
out toxins; normal adult liver weighs
about 2 ½ to 3 pounds

A

liver

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35
Q

Ring of muscles between the esophagus
and stomach; cardiac sphincter

A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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36
Q

Chewing

A

mastication

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37
Q

Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the
middle on either side of the dental arch

A

molar teeth

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38
Q

Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin
and enzymes

A

pancreas

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39
Q

Roof of the mouth

A

palate

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40
Q

Small, projections on the tongue

A

papillae (singular:
papilla)

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41
Q

Salivary gland within the cheek, just
anterior to the ear

A

parotid gland

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42
Q

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular
organs

A

peristalsis

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43
Q

Throat, the common passageway for food
from the mouth and for air from the nose

A

pharynx

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44
Q

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from
the intestines

A

portal vein

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45
Q

Enzyme that digests protein

A

protease

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46
Q

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves
and blood vessels

A

pulp

47
Q

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach,
near the duodenum; opens when a wave of
peristalsis passes over it

A

pyloric sphincter

48
Q

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the
duodenum

A

pylorus

49
Q

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the
end of the colon and the anus

A

rectum

49
Q

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the
stomach

A

rugae

50
Q

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains
the enzyme amylase

A

saliva

51
Q

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
glands

A

salivary glands

52
Q

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the
colon, just before the rectum; empties into
the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

53
Q

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a
passage or closes a natural opening

A

sphincter

54
Q

Muscular organ that receives food from the
esophagus

A

stomach

55
Q

Fat molecules composed of three parts
fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup
of lipids

A

triglycerides

56
Q

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the
soft palate

A

uvula

57
Q

Microscopic projections in the wall of the
small intestine that absorb nutrients into
the bloodstream

A

villi (singular:
villus)

58
Q

an/o

A

anus

59
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

60
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

61
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

62
Q

celi/o

A

belly, abdomen

63
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

64
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

65
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

66
Q

col/o

A

colon

67
Q

colon/o

A

colon

68
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

69
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

70
Q

enter/o

A

intestines, usually small intestine

71
Q

esophagus

A

esophag/o

72
Q

face

A

faci/o

73
Q

stomach

A

gastr/o

74
Q

gums

A

gingiv/o

75
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

76
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

77
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

78
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

79
Q

labi/o

A

lips

80
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

81
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

82
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible

83
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

84
Q

palat/o

A

palate

85
Q

or/o

A

mouth

86
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

87
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

88
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat

89
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

90
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

91
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

92
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

93
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

94
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

95
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

96
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

97
Q

bil/i

A

gall/bili

98
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin

99
Q

chol/e

A

gall or bile

99
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

100
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

101
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

102
Q

glycogen/o

A

glycogen, animal starch

103
Q

lip/o

A

fat

104
Q

lith/o

A

stone

105
Q

prote/o

A

protein

106
Q

py/o

A

pus

107
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

108
Q

steat/o

A

fat

109
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

110
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes

111
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

112
Q

prandial

A

meal

medical 9-10 (13 decks)

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