Medical Terminology Flashcards
-ology
The study of
Cytology
Study of Cells
Mycology
Study of muscles.
Thorax
The chest region.
Abdomen
Bell or abdominal area.
Trunk
Made up of the thorax and abdomen.
Pelvis
Area of the hip bones.
Caput
Head
Cranial portion of the skull.
Houses the brain and it composition.
Facial portion of the skull.
Houses the mouth, pharynx and the nasal cavity.
Upper Extremity
Arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
Lower Extremity
Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
Anatomical Position
Body erect, palms and hands face forward.
Axial Skeleton
Head and trunk.
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower and upper limbs.
Coronal Plane
Divides body into front and back halves.
Transverse Plane
Divides body into upper and lower planes.
Sagittal Plane
Divides body into right and left halves.
Anterior or Ventral
Front surface
Posterior or Dorsal
Towards the back
Lateral
Towards the side
Superior or Cranial
Above or towards the head.
Inferior or Caudal
Below or towards the tail.
Proximal
Nearer to the point of reference or origin.
Distal
Farther from the point of reference such as origin or attachment.
Abduct
Away from the midline of the body.
Adduct
Towards the midline of the body.
Superficial
Towards the surface.
Peripheral or Deep
Away from the surface.
Flexion or Extension
Bending of a joint.
Cells
Basic structures of all living things.
Protoplasm
Semi fluid which appears as. A clear substance or granular appearance.
5 Cell Traits
Irritable, growth, spontaneous movement, metabolism, and reproduction.
Two parts of the Nucleus
Chromatin (DNA) and Nucleolus (ribosomes)
Cytoplasm
80% water and 20% protein
4 types of Tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
Epithelial
Layer of mucous membranes and cells that comprise the skin and other linings of the body including body cavities and tubes.
Simple Epithelial
Single layer of epithelial cells that rest on a basement membrane.
Compound Epithelial
Many layers of cells that rest on a basement membrane.
Basement Membrane
Underlies epithelial tissue and can be used for a number of function.
Connective Tissue
Provide support and protection to the body.
Areolar Tissue
Loose connective tissue of interlacing fibers.
Adipose Tissue
Highly concentrated in fat cells.
White Fibrous Tissue
Binds structures together and is highly dense.
Yellow Elastic Tissue
Found in areas that require recoil of connective tissue.
Lymphoid Tissue
Specialized connective tissue
Cartilage
A flexible and firm type of specialized CT
Hyaline Cartilage
Bluish-white color and smooth.
Fibrocartilage
Dense and white with flexible fibers.
Yellow Cartilage
Firm and elastic.
Compact Bone
Dense and gives bone its smooth white appearance.
Spongy/Cancellous Bones
More porous and usually found at the end of bones.
Blood
Is made of plasma (which is the fluid part) and red and white blood cells suspended in a matrix.
Muscle Tissue
Specialized contractile tissue.
Striated Muscle
Has a striped appearance and classified as a voluntary muscle that moves in response to conscious, voluntary movment.
Smooth Muscle
Part of the autonomic or involuntary nervous system which is outside of voluntary control.
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the Heart.
Nervous Tissue
Specialized tissue that allows for communication throughout the body.
Neurons
Nerve cells that transmit information neuron to neuron.
Fascia
Connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, organs, blood vessels, or nerves.
Tendons
Tough, non-elastic cords, attach muscles to bone, muscles to cartilage, or muscle to muscle.
Aponeurosis
Broad sheets of tendonous expansions serving as a covering for muscle.
Ligaments
Elastic fibers which join bone to bone, bone to cartilage, and cartilage to cartilage.
Characteristics of Bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, and accessory.
Joints
Connection between bones or cartilage and classified by degree of movement.
Diarthrodial Joints
High mobility and also known as Synovial joints.
Plane or Gliding Joints
Touching surfaces of the bone are flat.
Spheroid Joints
Concave and convex partenership.
Condylar Joints
Shallow versions of ball and socket joints.
Trochoid Joints
Permits only rotation.
Sellar Joints
Ball and socket joint with a saddle like appearance.
Ellipsoid Joints
Shallow ball and socket joint with a football shaped portion.
Hinge Joints
Act like a hinge, permits only flexion and extension.
Amphiarthrodial Joints
Limited mobility and also known as Cartilaginous Joints
Synchrondrosis
Cartilage that ossifies through aging.
Symphysis
Bone connected by fibrocartilage.
Synarthrodial Joints
No mobility and also known as Fibrous Joints.
Syndesmosis
Joints that are bound by fibrous ligaments.
Sutures
Joints between bones of the skull.
Muscles
Can be long or short and all have a point of origin and insertion.
Origin
Least mobile point of attachment.
Insertion
Point of attachment that moves when a muscle is contracted.
Agonist
Muscles that move a structure.
Antagonist
Muscles that oppose movement.
Synergist
Muscles that stabilize structures.
4 Parts of the Speech System
Respiratory, Phonatory, Articulatory, and Resonatory.
Respiration
Respiratory passageways, lungs, trachea, etc.
Phonatory
Voiced sound, components of respiratory systems.
Articulatory
Structures that alter speech sound including tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate.
Resonatory
Nasal cavity, and soft palate.
Speech Body System
All systems work simultaneously to produce speech.
