Exam 3 Pt 2 & 3 Flashcards
5 parts of the Phonatory apparatus
Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform, epiglottic, and hyoid bone.
4 arytenoid cartilage
Found on superior surface of the cricoid cartilage. Allows for onset and offset of voicing. Pyramidal in shape with a base and apex. Contains the vocal and muscular processes.
Vocal process
Projects anteriorly toward the thyroid notch, and vocal folds attach there.
Muscular process
Projects laterally on the arytenoid and point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct the vocal folds.
Vocal ligament
Attaches to vocal process and medial fibers of vocal muscles
Ventricular ligament
Superior and lateral to vocal process and attaches to inner surface of thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Small horn shaped extensions of arytenoids and support aryepiglottic fold
Cuneiform cartilage
Small cartilages that are embedded within the aryepiglottic fold, anterior to corniculate cartilages, and provide support for laryngeal coverings.
Epiglottic cartilage
Leaflike in structure, stem arises from the inner surface of the thyroid angle, attaches by means of the thyroepiglottic ligament, and protects the airway by deflecting food and liquids for being swallowed.
Hyoepiglottic ligament
Epiglottis attaches to the hyoid bone vie this.
Aryepiglottic folds
The sides of epiglottis join with arytenoid cartilages
Hyoid corpus
Shield structure forming the front of the bone, it is convex, and inner surface is concave.
Greater Cornu
Arms that extend posteriorly and slightly horizontally, ends of teh gc articulate with the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage
Lesser Cornu
Coned shaped and rises superiorly.
Hyoid bone
Attaches to 9 pairs of muscles, very mobile, doesn’t connect to any bone, forms the base of the tongue.
Cricothyroid joint
Junction of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior Cornu of the thyroid cartilage, synovial joint that allows for the cricoid and thyroid to rotate and glide, provides the major adjustment for change in vocal pitch
Cricoarytenoid joint
Saddle joint formed between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, concave portion of arytenoid articulates with convex portion of cricoid lamina, synovial joint allows for rocking, gliding and minimal rotation.
Posterior cricoarytenoid ligament
Extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the base of the posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
Anterior cricoarytenoid ligament
Extends front the cricoid cartilage to the anterolateral vase of the arytenoid cartilage, may limit backward movement of the arytenoid cartilage
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Have both origin and insertion on laryngeal cartilage and make fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism.
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
One attachment on laryngeal cartilage and the other attachment on a nonlaryngeal structure also helps with elevating and depressing the larynx
Tensor
Tightens muscles
Adductor
Bring together
Abductor
Pull apart
Relaxers
Relax muslces
Cricothyroid muscle
Primary tensor for the vocal folds, pulls cricoid backward and upward and thyroid forward and downward and lengthens vocal folds.
Pars recta
Medial most component of Cricothyroid muscle, originates on the anterior surface of cricoid cartilage and inserts into the lower surface of the thyroid lamina.
Pars oblique
Originates from cricoid cartilage and course obliquely up to insert into the juncture between the thyroid lamina and inferior horns.
Thyroarytenoid muscle
Runs from the inner surface o father thyroid cartilage and inserts on lateral surface of arytenoid vocal processes, parallel to the glottis
Thyrovacalis
Portion where internal central fibers run alongside vocal ligaments.
Origin- inner surface, thyroid cartilage near notch.
Insertion- lateral surface of the arytenoid vocal process
Action- tense vocal folds
Thyromuscularis
Larger segment of the thyroarytenoid, immediately lateral to each thyrovocalis.
Origin- inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, near the notch
Insertion- base and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Action- relaxes vocal folds
Five layers of the vocal folds
Epithelium, superior layer, intermediate layer, deep layer, and vocalis muscle
Three sections of the vocal folds
Cover- epithelium and superior
Transition- intermediate and deep
Body- vocalis muscle
Thyroepiglotticus muscle
Can be classified as an auxiliary muscle, helps dilate openings, involved in closing the larynx when swallowing.
Origin- inner surface of thyroid at angle
Insertion- lateral epiglottis
Action- dilates airway
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Origin- cricoid cartilage
Insertion- muscular process of the arytenoid
Action- when this muscle adducts, the arytenoid squeeze the anterior tips of the vocal process tightly together.
Transverse arytenoid muscle
Only unpaired intrinsic muscle.
Origin- lateral margin of the posterior surface of one arytenoid
Insertion- corresponding surface of hey other arytenoid
Action- pulls arytenoids together
Oblique arytenoid muscle
Origin- posterior base of the muscular processes
Insertion- apex of the opposite arytenoid
Action- adduction, enforces medial compression, as well as rocks the arytenoid and vocal folds down and in.
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Sole abductor of the vocal folds.
Origin- posterior wall of cricoid cartilage.
Insertion- muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages
Action- abduction, they are the major muscles responsible for rock and gliding the arytenoids apart.
