"Medical Physiology Pulmonary Mechanics I Amit S. Dhamoon" SANA Flashcards
What is the difference between oxygenation and ventilation?
Oxygenation is getting oxygen to the blood vessels and tissues. Ventilation is the amount of air inspired and expired.
What gas is used as a surrogate to measure ventilation?
CO2
You are watching your favorite TV show when something exciting happens and you begin hyperventilating. What will happen to your blood CO2 level?
Blood C02 level would decrease as you would ventilate your lungs more than needed. This is respiratory alkalosis.
Which of the following leads to respiratory acidemia?
a. hypoventilation
b. hyperventilation
a. hypoventilation
Oxygen saturation is a good measure of oxygenation. What are two ways to measure it?
Pulse oximeter and radial artery lab analysis.
A capnography is a device used to measure your _____
CO2 levels
Your patient has asthma. What does this mean for her lung tidal volume?
Her tidal volume will be lower
In your asthmatic patient, the lung tidal volume is very low. How will this effect her respiratory rate? (hint: use MV = RR x TV)
Because the minute ventilation needs to be maintained, the respiratory rate will increase to compensate for the lower tidal volume.
In respiratory muscle paralysis, which of the following results and why?
a. hyperventilation and increased CO2 levels
b. hypoventilation and decreased CO2 levels
c. hyperventilation and decreased CO2 levels
d. hypoventilation and increased CO2 levels
d. hypoventilation results and increased CO2 levels
Explain the reasoning behind the brown-bag breathing done to fight off hyperventilation.
Breathing into and out of the brown bag allows us increased the CO2 level in the bag and breath in a higher reservoir of CO2, thus raising our CO2 levels (which have lowered as a result of hyperventilation).
At rest, our lungs are performing what kind of ventilation?
negative-pressure ventilation
A sleep apnea machine is an example of what kind of ventilation?
positive-pressure ventilation
In patients with severe COPD, heart failure and asthma, what kind of ventilation should be used?
postivie-pressure ventilation
If there is a reduction in pressure in the intrapleural cavity outside the lung but inside the chest wall, will the lung inflate or deflate? Why?
Inflate, this is negative-pressure.
Upon chest x-ray, you find that your patient’s right lung is extremely radiolucent and black, indicating that there is air in the pleural space. What pathology is this?
Pneumothorax
In a pneumothorax, why does the lung separate from the chest wall?
As air gets in the middle of the pleural cavity, the chest wall will want to expand while the lung will want to recoil, now that it isn’t held close to the chest wall through the surfactant.