"Gross Anatomy Larynx Amanda C. Conta Steencken" SANA Flashcards

1
Q

The vagus exists the cranial cavity through the ______ foramen

A

Jugular foramen

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2
Q

What types of fibers are in the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

4 types: 2 efferent and 2 afferent
Efferent: parasympathetic and motor from nucleus ambiguus
Afferent: general sensory from larynx/pharynx and special sensory (taste)

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3
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve branch into?

A

The external and internal laryngeal nerves

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4
Q

What are the component fibers of the external laryngeal nerve? and what does it innervate?

A

Motor fibers only; cricothyroid muscle

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5
Q

On the left, the recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the _______

A

aortic arch

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6
Q

In the larynx the recurrent laryngeal nerve is renamed the ________

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the larynx?

a. removal of debris from airway
b. voice production
c. protection of airway

A

a

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8
Q

The larynx lies in front of which vertebrae?

A

4, 5, 6 cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone?

A

The hyoid

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10
Q

What is the medical term for the Adam’s apple?

A

Laryngeal prominence

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11
Q

The vocal cords are protected by the ________

A

Thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

What enters through the two holes in the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

The internal laryngeal artery and nerve

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13
Q

If the two holes in the thyrohyoid membrane were injured, thereby injuring the nerve that passes through it, what symptoms would the patient have?

A

Absence of cough reflex as the internal laryneal nerve carries sensory information to vocal cords. This could cause things to lodge in the larynx.

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14
Q

You need to insert an emergency airway in a patient. Where do you insert it? and why?

a. cricotracheal ligament
b. cricoid cartilage
c. cricothyroid ligament
d. thyrohyoid membrane.

A

c because the cricoid bone is the only bone in the larynx that forms a ring, thereby preventing damage to pharynx and thyroid gland

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15
Q

What is the only structure in the larynx that is a complete ring instead of horseshoe-shaped?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

When swallowing, the epiglottis _______ (closes/opens) over the laryngeal inlet.

A

Closes over the laryngeal inlet to protect it and not let food into our airways

17
Q

Phonation occurs when the epiglottis is _______

a. open
b. closed
c. half open, half closed

A

c

18
Q

Your patient has stopped breathing and you need to perform an emergency tracheotomy on her. How do you located the correct location to make the incision?

A

The cricothyroid ligament is located between the thyroid and the cricoid, which are two prominent protruding bones in the thorax. Palpate the thyroid, and then find the next bump below it (cricoid). Between them, the depression is where the incision must be made.

19
Q

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Voice production

20
Q

Name 2 differences between the true and false vocal cords.

A
  1. The false vocal cords function to ensure that the airway is closed during swallowing, while the true vocal cords produce variation in pitch/sound.
  2. false vocal cords enclose the vestibular ligaments, while the true vocal cords enclose the vocal ligaments, vocalis muscle and some of thyroaretynoid muscles.
21
Q

A patient comes in with food lodged into his piriform recess in the larynx, possibly causing an abrasion of which nerve? (Hint: the patient has an absent cough reflex)

a. inferior laryngeal nerve
b. superior laryngeal nerve
c. internal laryngeal nerve
d. external laryngeal nerve

A

c

22
Q

Changes in the width of the _______, along with the change in tension of the ______ with changes is amount of air expelled from the lungs is responsible for changes in pitch and phonation

A

Rima glottis; vocal cords

23
Q

Match the following:

  1. Rima glottis
  2. Glottis

a. opening between true vocal cords
b. vocal folds and opening between the vocal folds

A

1-a
2-b
remember, glottis = rima glottis + vocal folds (also called true vocal cords)

24
Q

What is the only laryngeal muscles responsible for ABduction? What do they abduct?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles; abduct the vocal folds.

25
Q

If your posterior cricoarytenoid muscle atrophies, why are you in danger of asphyxiating?

A

Because the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle abducts, if it is damaged, the airway might not be able to open causing trouble breathing after phonation.

26
Q

Name the six muscles in the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A
Lateral cricoarytenoid
arytenoideus
thyroaretynoid
aryepiglottic muscle
vocalis
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
27
Q

Which muscle in the larynx is the only one innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

cricothyroid muscle

28
Q

Match the muscle to the function (can be used more than once):

  1. adduct vocal cords
  2. shorten and relax vocal cords
  3. help in closing rima glottis
  4. act as sphincter of laryngeal inlet
  5. affect pitch and quality of voice

a. Lateral cricoarytenoid
b. arytenoideus
c. thyroaretynoid
d. aryepiglottic muscle
e. vocalis
f. cricothyroid muscle

A

1- a, b, f

  1. c
  2. c
  3. d
  4. e
29
Q

Your patient comes in with sudden onset of low-pitched, monotonous voice. Which nerve in the larynx might be damaged? Which muscle does it innervate?

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal because this innervates the cricothyroid muscle, which are responsible for lengthening the vocal cords.

30
Q

Name the component fibers of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve:

A

Parasympathetics from larynx mucosa, special sensory taste fibers, sensory from upper larynx to vocal cords.

31
Q

The reccurent laryngeal nerve becomes the ________ upon entering the larynx.

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve.

32
Q

Name the component fibers of the inferior laryngeal nerve:

A

Sensory from the lower larynx, motor to all laryngeal muscle (EXCEPT cricothyroid), parasympathetic to lower laryngeal mucosa.

33
Q

Match the nerve with symptoms that would occur if nerve is damaged:

  1. External laryngeal nerve
  2. Internal laryngeal nerve
  3. inferior laryngeal nerve

a. hoarse voice, difficulty breathing/speaking
b. low-pitched voice
c. no cough reflex

A

1-b, 2-b, 3-a