Medical Emergency Flashcards
cardiac and respiratory arrest
if outside hospital –> activate EMS (fire or police department and paramedics)
if in hospital –> cal code blue
chest compressions should maintain 100-120/minute
CPR must be initiated within 3-5 minutes after a cardiac or respiratory arrest
cardiac and respiratory arrest hand placement
child: 2 hands on the lower half of the sternum
adult: same as child
infant: place 2 fingers just below the baby’s nipple line
cardiac and respiratory arrest chest compressions depth
adults: at least 2 inches (5cm)
child: half the childs anterior-posterior diameter or about 2 inches (5 cm)
infant: at least one quarter of the anterior-posterior diameter or about 1.5 inches (4 cm)
interruptions should not last longer than 10 seconds
allow for complete recoil between compressions
should rotate who administers every 2 minutes
effective CPR requires you to maintain an open airway and so do the head tilt-chin lift method
head tile-chin lift method
place one hand on the clients forehead and push with the palm to tilt the head back
if facial trauma is evident or a spinal cord injury is suspected, perform jaw thrust method
compressions to ventilation ratio
adult: 30:2
child and infant:
- 30:2 with a single rescuer
- 15:2 with 2 rescuers
deliver air over one seond and watch clients chest wallrise
ventilation with an advanced airway will be performed at one breath every 6-8 seconds
AED
to use it: turn on and attach pads for adults, use adult-size pads for children and infants: - use adult size pads ONLY WHEN children/infant pads are not available
upper airway obstruction interventions
death can occur within 4-5 min
if conscious:
- 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of the hands
- 5 abdominal thrusts
- alternate until blockage is dislodged
if unconscious:
- begin CPR
- remove the object if it becomes visible
if airway intubation is needed:
- nurse will assist with placement of artifical airway using endotracheal tube or tracheostomy and suction as needed
opioid-associated respiratory emergency
if they have a definite pulse, but no normal reathing or only gasping respirations then,
an approximately trained person (police officer, mental health professional) should administer naloxone IM or nasally without waiting for EMS to arrive
upper airway obstruction for child manifestations
sudden coughing gagging wheezing cyanosis dyspnea stridor
upper airway obstruction for child diagnostic studies
chest x ray
fluroscopy
bronchoscopy
upper airway obstruction for child care
direct laryngoscope and bronchoscopy may be require to remove objects
upper airway obstruction for child management
recognize signs and symptoms of foreign body aspiration
administer back slaps and chest thrusts
perform heimleich maneuvers for children
items most likely to be aspirated in children
peanut butter
balloon
aluminum tabs from soda cans
paper clips
what is acute respiratory failure
not a disease but a symptom
hypoxemic respiratory failure = PaO2 level less than 60 mmHg
hypercapneic respiratory failure = PaCO2 level above 45 and pH less than 7.35
causes of acute respiratory failure
extrapulmonary causes:
- neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders
- CNS dysfunction (stroke, opioids)
intrapulmonary causes:
- COPD
- pulmonary embolism
- pulmonary edema
- ARDs
- pneumothorax
acute respiratory failure manifestation
restlessness confusion dyspnea orthopnea tachypnea tachycardia decreased pulse oximetry reading ABG shoes: - pH below 7.35 - PaCO2 greater than 5- PaO2 less than 60
hypoxemia that persist even when 100% oxygen is given is a cardinal feature of respiratory failure due to ARDs
