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Medical Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Ipratropium/ Atrovent) Contraindications:
Adverse Effects:

A

= Known hypersensitivity
= Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Dilated pupils, Cough, Confusion

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2
Q

Ipratropium/ Atrovent) Pharmacodynamics:
Indications:

A

= Anticholinergic; Selectively blocks muscarinic receptors
= Bronchospasm associated w/ obstructive lung diseases (asthma, COPD)

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3
Q

Ipratropium/ Atrovent) route
Adult Dose:
Pediatric Dose:

A

= w/ SVN albuterol
= 500 mcg/2.5 mL
=250-500mcg/1.25-2.5 m

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4
Q

Dexamethasone) Indi:
Contra:

A

= Bronchial asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
= Known hypersensitivity, (Relative) Known fungal infection

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5
Q

Dexamethasone) Adult Dose:
Pediatric Dose:
Effects:

A

= 10 mg IV/IO/PO “better>sol-med”
= 0.5 mg/kg (max of 10 mg IV/IO/PO)
= Fluid retention (Peripheral edema) & May delay wound healing & small Increase in BGL (careful w/ diabetics)

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6
Q

Dexamethasone) Class:
Class/med Will:

A

= Synthetic glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory
= Suppresses immune response

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7
Q

Flumazenil) Dynamics:

Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= Benzodiazepine Antagonist. Competitively blocks benzos @ GABA/benzo receptor complex
= Benzodiazepines OD
= Hypersensitivity
= 0.2 mg IV/IO q30 seconds max 3 mg

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8
Q

Magnesium Sulfate) Adult Bronchodilation dose:
Pediatric Bronchodilation dose:

A

= 1-2 grams IV / 10-20 minutes (Infusion)
= 25-50 mg/kg IV (max 2Gs) /15-30 mins (Infusion)

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9
Q

Magnesium Sulfate) Pharmacodynamics
Indications:
Contraindications

A

= Organic Salt act as physiologic Ca channel blocker thus Bronchodilator
= Bronchial asthma, Torsades des pointes, Eclampsia
= High-degree HB, Shock, Dialysis, Hypocalcemia, V-Fib/pulseless VTach

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10
Q

Solu-Medrol) Indications:
Contraindications :

A

= (same as Dexy) Bronchial asthma, COPD, Anaphylaxis
= Known hypersensitivity to medication

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11
Q

Solu-Medrol) Adult Dose:
Pediatric Dose:
Adverse Effects:

A

= 125-250 mg IV/IO
= 2 mg/kg IV/IO to a max of 60 mg
= Increases BGL , Effects delayed & usually not seen prehospital care

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12
Q

Albuterol) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contraindications:

A

=B agonist w/ preference of B2 receptors
=Brocospasm, Anaphylaxsis/ asthma/ Allergies, Hyperkalemia
= jitters & Known hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Albuterol) Adverse effects:
Adult Broncospasm dose:
Hyperkalemic dose:
Pedi Dose:

A

= Palp/s, Anxiety, Jitters, Dizzy, Tcardia
= 2.5mg/3mg via SVN→ repeat 15-20mins as needed
= 10-20mg via LVN over 15 mins→ repeat as needed
= 1.25-2.5mg/1.5-3mL SVN

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14
Q

Lorazepam / Ativan) Antidote:
Adult Doses) Anxiety / Seizures:
RSI Sedation:

A

= Flumazenil 0.2mg IV
= 1-4mg IV, IM, PR, IN
= 0.05 mg/kg IV/IO

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15
Q

Atropine) Organophosphate poisoning dose:

A

=2-4mg (or higher) IV Push

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16
Q

Atropine) Class:
Contra:
cautions:

A

=Parasympatholytic & selectively blocks M receptors inhibiting PSANS
=allergy, hypothermic (82degrees), MIs & hypoxia→ increase O2 med
= <0.5mg may result in paradoxical slowing of heart // may not be effective for infranodal blocks- be prep/ed to pac

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17
Q

Diazepam / Vallium) Indications:

Contraindications:

A

= Tcardia from stimulant OD, Sustained seizures, Anxiety, Sedation
= Known hypersensitivity to med

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18
Q

Diazepam / Vallium) Antidote:
Adult Dose:

A

= Flumazenil 0.2mg IV
= 2.5-10 mg in 2.5 mg increments slow IV/IO/IM

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19
Q

Diazepam / Vallium) Dynamics:
Effects:

A

= Benzo: Binds w/ GABA receptors causing Cl influx
= Resp/ depress/, HypoBP N/V, amnesia

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20
Q

Diazepam/ Vallium) class:
pharmacodynamics:

A

= benzodiazepine
= binds w/ GABA receptors causing a influx of chloride

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21
Q

Diazepam/ Vallium) indications:
Contraindications:

A

= Tcardia due to stimulant OD, Sustained seizures Anxiety Sedation
= known hypersensitivity

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22
Q

Diazepam/ Vallium) effects:
dose:

A

= Resp/ depres/, N/V, Sedation/amnesia
= 2.5-10mg in 2.5mg increments slow IV/IO/IM

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23
Q

Diphenhydramine) Dynamics:
Indications:
Contra:
Dose:

A

= H1&2 Histamine Blocker
= Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, extrapyramidal reactions, sedation
= Hypersnesitivity
= 25-50 mg slow IV/IO or IM

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24
Q

Dobutamine) class:
Dynamics:

A

= synthetic sympathetic agonist
= A&B agonist w/ inotropic prop/s > Chronotropic prop/s

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25
Dobutamine)indi: Contras:
= cardiac pump prob/s (CHF) w/ hypotension “baby Dope” = hypovolemia til’ fluid replacing, DONT MIX W/ Sodium Bicarb
26
Dobutamine) effects: dose:
= Hypertension, H/A, Dizziness, Can worsen cardiac ischemia, tissue necrosis w/ Extravasation = 2-20mcg/kg/min- titrate so heart rate doesn’t increase by >10% of baseline
27
Dopamine) class: pharmacodynamics
= sympathetic agonist = A/B agonist rate dependent vasopressor +chron/in/Drom/otropic
28
Dopamine) indications: Contraindications:
= CHF, HypoBP w/ shock signs, 2nd med for sympathetic Bcardia (after Atropine) = hypovolemic PTs til' vol/ replaced, pheochromocytoma, Dont mix w/ sodium bicarb
29
Dopamine) Effects: Dosing: Adult & Pedi Cardiac dose: Adult & Pedi Vasopressor dose:
= HyperBP, Palp/s, H/A, Dizzy, Can worsen C-ischemia, necrosis W/ Extravasation = 2–20 mcg/kg/min Titrate to response = 5-10mcg/kg/min = 10-20 mcg/kg/min
30
Enalapril) class: pharmacodynamics
= ACE inhibitor = Prevents production of angiotensin II by inhibiting (ACE)- causes vasodilation & helps reduce amount of water held back by kidneys
31
Enalapril) indications: Contraindication:
= severe CHF (w/ HTN) in conjunction w/ Nitrates & CPAP = Pregnancy, Angioedema, Hypersensitivity to ACE inhibitors
32
Enalapril) effects: dose:
= Allergic, Dry Cough, Dizziness, Taste changes (long term) = Initial 2.5mg PO & Titrate to 20mg PO
33
EPI 1:1)Broncho constriction) Adult Dose: Pedi Dose:
=0.3mg up to 0.5mg IM =0.01mg/kg IM w/ max dose 0.3mgIM
34
EPI 1:1) class: indi: Adverse effects:
=potent A & B agonist =bronchospasms, anaphylaxis =worsen ischemia & heart probs, Jitters
35
Epinephrine 1:10,000) Class: Dynamics:
= SNS agonist, Sympathomimetic = Powerful Alpha and Beta agonist
36
Epinephrine 1:10,000) Effects: Admin via: (Adult) Cardiac Arrest dose: (Adult) Bradycardia dose: (PEDI) Bradycardia/Cardiac Arrest dose: (PEDI) Hypoperfusion & Severe anaphylaxis dose:
= Palpitations, Anxiety, Jitters, H/A, Dizziness, HyperBP, Tcardia, Can worsen cardiac ischemia = IV infusion drip = 1mg IVP/IOP every 3-5 mins = 2-10 mcg/min IV/IO infusion = 0.01 mg/kg or 0.1 mL/kg = 0.1-1 mcg/kg/min infusion by Mixing 1mg of Epi 1:10 into 1L IV bag
37
Epinephrine 1:10,000) Indications: Contraindications:
= Cardiac arrest, Bcardia, Normovolemic hypoBP, Anaphylaxis, Asthma = rewards over risks so really none
38
Furosemide/ Lasix) class: pharmacodynamics:
= Loop diuretic = Blocks absorption of Na, Cl, & water from kidney thus +urinination
39
Furosemide/ Lasix) indications: Contraindications:
= Acute pulmonary edema in PTs w/ SBP >90-100mmHg (w/o signs of shock) Hypertensive emergencies = Hypovolemia Hypotension Hypokalemia or other suspected electrolyte abnormalities
40
Furosemide/ Lasix) effects Adult Dose: intial dose doesnt work: new-onset pulmonary edema w/ suspected hypovolemia:
= pos/ dehydration/acute electrolyte imbalance, Tinnitus/deaf = 0.5-1 mg/kg over 1-2 mins. IVP = double 1st dose to 2 mg/kg over 1-2 mins = <0.5mg/kg slow IV
41
Glucagon) class: pharmacodynamics:
= Hormone = Binds to Glucagon receptors & stim/s adenyl cyclase & +cAMP thus an up-reg/ Ca channels in SA & AV nodal cells
42
Glucagon) cardiac indications: Contraindications:
= Bradycardia suspected from Beta-Blocker or Ca-Channel Blocker OD = Bradycardia from etiology (disease origin), Known hypersensitivity
43
Glucagon) effects Dose:
= Anxiety, Chest palp/s, H/A, N/V, Hyperglycemia = 3-10mg IV slowly over 3-5 mins Followed w/ infusion 3-5mg per hour
44
Ipratropium/ Atrovent): Indi: Adverse effects:
= Anticholinergic, selectively blocks M receptors, goes w/ albuterol =bronchospasm w/ obstructive lung diseases =dry lungs out, dry mouth, confusion
45
Lorazepam / Ativan) Indications: Contraindications:
= SFR/RSI, Anxiety, Seizures, = Hypertension, Hypersensitivity
46
Lorazepam / Ativan) Dynamics: Adverse Effects:
= Benzo: Binds w/ GABA receptors causing Cl influx = Resp/ depress/, HypoBP N/V, amnesia
47
Mag-Sulfate) Indi: Contra: Effects:
= cardiac arrest only if Torsades de Pointes (Tdp) suspected, Tdp w/ pulse = AMI not recommended, High degree AV block, HypoBP, VFib/Tach = Bcardia, HypoBP, Diaphoresis, Resp/ depres/, Hypothermia
48
Mag-Sulfate) Effects: Cardiac Arrest from hypomagnesemia or TdP: TdP w/ pulse:
= Flushing, Sweating, B-cardia, Resp/ depres/, Hypothermia = 1-2Gs diluted in 10 mL = 1-2Gs mixed in 50-100 mL admin/ed over 5-60mins
49
Mag-Sulfate) Class: Dynamics:
= Misc. Airway med, Mineral, powerful noradrenergic bronchodilator = Organic Salt act as a physiologic Ca-channel blocker Bronchodilator
50
Midazolam / Versed) Contraindications: Indications:
= Hx of hypersensitivity to the drug = Active seizures, RSI induction agent, Chemical restraint, Anxiety, Sedation
51
Midazolam / Versed) Adult Active Seizures: Pedi Active seizures:
= 0.1mg/kg 2mg increments IV(Max 5mg) 5mg IM/IN = 0.1mg/kg 2 mg increments IV (Max 5 mg) 0.2mg/kg IN/IM
52
Midazolam / Versed) Adult & Pedi (RSI): ET Tube Bucking:
= 0.1-0.3 mg/kg (Max 10 mg), Onset: 2-5 minutes, Duration: 15-30 minutes = 0.05 mg/kg slow IV/ 1–2 mins (maintain SBP) – stop once bucking has resolved
53
Midazolam / Versed) Dynamics: Antidote: Adverse Effects:
= Binds w/ GABA receptors causing influx of Cl = Flumazenil 0.2mg IV = Hypotension, Respiratory depression/apnea, N/V, Amnesia
54
Midazolam/ Versed) class: pharmacodynamics:
= benzodiazepine = Binds w/ GABA receptors causing an influx of chloride
55
Midazolam/ Versed) indications: Contraindications:
= Active seizures, RSI induction, Chemical restraint, Anxiety, Sedation = History of hypersensitivity to drug
56
Midazolam) Adult dose (active seizures): Pediatric dose (active seizures) IV/O: Pediatric dose (active seizures) IM/IN: Adult & Pedi dose for induction agent (RSI): ET Tube bucking:
= 0.1mg/kg in 2mg increments IV/IO (max 5mg) → 5mg IM/IO = 0.1mg/kg in 2mg increments IV/IO (max 5mg) = 0.2mg/kg (max 5mg) = 0.1-0.3mg/kg (max 10mg), Onset=2-5mins, Duration= 15-30mins = 0.05mg/kg IV/IO 1-2mins (maintain SBP) stop when bucking stopped
57
Midazolam/ Versed) effects
= Hypotension, Respiratory depression/apnea, N/V Amnesia
58
NORepi/ Levaphed) Class: dynamics:
= Synthetic hormone Vaso-pressor “Sepsis med” = A/B-adrenergic agonist (A effects > B effects)
59
NORepi/ Levaphed) Indi: Contra: Effects:
= Normovolemic hypotension, Septic shock, Cardiogenic shock = hypovolemia PTs til’ Vol/replacement occurred = Hypertension, Organ ischemia, Cardiac arrhythmia, Tissue necrosis w/ extravasation, Palpitations, Anxiety, N/V
60
NORepi/ Levaphed) Adult Dose: Pediatric Dose:
= 0.1–0.5 mcg/kg/min IV/IO infusion = 0.1–2 mcg/kg/min IV/IO infusion
61
Ondansetron/ Zofran) class: pharmacodynamics:
= selective Seratonin 5-HT3 receptor blocker/antagonist = Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors @the vagal-N. Can initiate the gag reflex when stim/ed; Zofran is antiemetic/antag/ of 5-HT3 receptors inhibiting serotonin release on central/peripheral vagal nerve
62
Ondansetron/ Zofran) indi/s: Contra:
= Prevent/control N/B = Known hypersensitivity to med
63
Ondansetron/ Zofran) effect: dose:
= HypoBP, Tcardia, Extrapyramidal reaction (=impaired motor control), Prolong QT = 4-8mg IV (slow), IM, PO
64
Sodium Bicarbonate)class: Dynamics:
= Alkalinizing agent = raises plasma bicarbonates, buffers excess hydrogen concentration, raises blood pH & reverses clinical manifestations of acidosis
65
Sodium Bicarbonate) indications: Contraindications:
= Suspected hyperkalemia & bicarbonate-responsive acidosis (DKA, OD w/: TCA, Aspirin, Cocaine) = PTs in cardiac arrest, precipitates with med admin/ed
66
Sodium Bicarbonate) effects: Suspected acidosis dose: Hyperkalemia:
= May precipitate when admin/ w/ other meds, May cause alkalosis, Hyperirritability, Tetany = 1mEq/kg IV Bolus = 50mEq IV Bolus
67
Solu-Medrol): Class: Will/med:
= Synthetic glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory = Suppresses immune response
68
Terbutaline/ Brethine) Dose:
0.25mg IM (only in adults
69
Terbutaline/ Brethine) Class: Indi: Contra:
=B selective agonist relaxer w/ high affinity & give asthma, & CHF/heart prob PT =asthma, emphysema, preterm labor, reversible airway = hypersensitive, anxiety, dizzy/HA, NO PEDIS
70
Magnesium Sulfate) Adverse Effects:
= Hypotension, Flushing, Sweating, Bradycardia, Resp/ depression, Hypothermia

Old Drug cards (11 decks)

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