Medical Aesthetics

Question 1

Vital elements for the hair to remain healthy?

Answer 1

Amino acids, mineral salts or vitamins

Question 2

What is the name of the protein that our hair is made up of?

Answer 2

Keratin

Question 3

What is cuticle?

Answer 3

Thin, translucent outer layer that protects the cortex

Question 4

What is cortex ?

Answer 4

This Intermediate gives hair strength, color & texture

Question 5

Medulla

Answer 5

The central core of the cells that form the innermost layer of the skin.

Question 6

What are the functions of the hair?

Answer 6

Protection, regulation of body temperature & facilitation of evaporation of perspiration. Also acts as sense organs.

Question 7

4 phases of hair

Answer 7

1) Anagen phase- hair growth( longest phase lasting about 3-5 years)
2) Catagen phase- hair follicles shrink & hair growth slows down.
3) Telogen phase- hair doesn’t grow but doesn’t fall out either.
4) Exogen phase- hair sheds from scalp, often helped along by washing & brushing

Question 8

What is Telogen Effluvium?

Answer 8

Doubling or tripling normal hair loss

Question 9

What is Trichotillomania?

Answer 9

Psychological condition causes an irresistible urge to pull hair from your scalp or other areas of the body.

Question 10

What is Alopecia Areata?

Answer 10

Body’s immune system attacks healthy hair follicles, causing hair loss.

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the skin ?

Answer 11

Epidermis, dermis & subcutaneous

Question 12

What is epidermis?

Answer 12

The top layer of the skin. It is the thickest it has 5 layers. It is constantly shedding and replacing with new healthy cells. Home to pore which allow oil and sweat to escape.

Question 13

5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 13

1) stratum Basale
2) stratum spinosum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum lucidum
5) stratum corneum

Question 14

What is Stratum spinosum?

Answer 14

Also known as squamous cell layer. Thickest part of the epidermis. Contains newly formed keratinocytes as well as Langherhan cells that fight infection.

Question 15

What is stratum granulosum?

Answer 15

Layer contains more keratinocytes that are gradually pushed toward the surface of the skin.

Question 16

What is stratum basale?

Answer 16

Bottom layer also known as the basal cell layer. Has Column
shaped cells that push older cells toward the surface. Layer is made of melanocytes and Merkel cells that act as receptors touch.

Question 17

What is Stratum lucidum?

Answer 17

Translucent layer of tissue exists only on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Question 18

What is Stratum corneum?

Answer 18

Top layer of the epidermis that helps the skin retain moisture & prevents unwanted substances from entering the body.

Question 19

What is the dermal layer?

Answer 19

It is the layer between the epidermis and hypodermis.It is full of collagen & elastin fibres that gives skin strength and firmness. It
- produces sweat
- allows you to feel things
- grows hair
- produces oil
-brings blood to your skin

Question 20

What is the hypodermis layer?

Answer 20

Also known as subcutaneous tissue layer. It is the bottom layer contains fat, nerves & large blood vessels. Acts as our temperature regulator.

Question 21

What is atopic dermatitis?

Answer 21

Eczema
Inflammatory skin disease ( dry, red , itchy patches of skin)

Question 22

Acne

Answer 22

Hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and oil.

Question 23

Melanoma

Answer 23

Type of skin cancer caused by exposure to excess sunlight.

Question 24

Rosacea

Answer 24

Common rash found in middle aged people. Tendency to flush and have small red bumps on the centre of the face.

Question 25

Psoriasis

Answer 25

Auto- inflammatory skin disease. Causes red,flaky patches to appear on the skin.

Question 26

Scabies

Answer 26

Itchy skin condition caused by the human scabies mite.

Question 27

Shingles

Answer 27

Also called herpes zoster.
Painful blistering rash caused by a virus.

Question 28

Lichen planus

Answer 28

Itchy non- infectious rash. Bumps have flat shiny tops.

Question 29

5 types of scars

Answer 29

1) normal fine line scar
2) keloid scar
3) hypertrophic scar
4) pitted or sunken scar
5) scar contracture

Question 30

What is a normal fine lined scar?

Answer 30

Raised line that will gradually fade and flatten over time

Question 31

What is a keloid scar?

Answer 31

Overgrowth of tissue that will continue to grow over a healed wound.

Question 32

What is a Hypertrophic scar?

Answer 32

Overgrowth of tissue but does not grow beyond the boundary of the original wound.

Question 33

What is a pitted or sunken scar?

Answer 33

Caused by acne or chickenpox.

Question 34

What is a Scar contracture?

Answer 34

Caused by burns. Skin shrinks and tightens.

Question 35

How to differentiate from a normal mole to Melanoma mole?

Answer 35

Use the ABCDEs method.
- asymmetry
- border
-color
-diameter
-evolving

Question 36

4 general types of moles?

Answer 36

1) common mole
2) atypical mole - dysplastic Nevus
3) congenital mole - congenital nevus
4) spitz nevus

Question 37

What is Fitzpatrick skin typing?

Answer 37

Numerical classification of human skin type based on the way skin reacts to sun along with its genetic makeup.
Type 1 & type 2 are at a higher risk compared to type 5 & type 6.

Can help predict which individuals are more at risk of burns and medical complications based on how much melanin is present in their skin.