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Medical Aesthetician > Advanced Facials > Flashcards

Advanced Facials Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Largest organ of the body?

A

Skin and it has 3 layers which are the epidermis, dermis & subcutaneous

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2
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Main cells of the epidermis formed by cell division at its base.

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3
Q

What is corneocytes?

A

Flatten dead keratinocytes that together make up the very outer layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum.

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4
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Produce the pigment melanin that protects against UV radiation & gives skin its color

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5
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

Produce sweat that travels via sweat ducts to openings in the epidermis called pores.( okay a toke in temperature regulation)

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6
Q

What are hair follicles?

A

Pits in which hair grows.( play a role in temperature regulation)

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7
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Produce sebum (an oil) to keep hairs free from dust & bacteria. Sebum & sweat make up the surface film.

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8
Q

What are the Functions of the skin?

A

-provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal & physical injury & hazardous substances
-prevents loss of moisture
-reduces harmful effects of UV radiation
-acts as a sensory organ ( touch, detects temperature)
- helps regulate body temperature
- an immune organ to detect infections etc
- production of vitamin D

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9
Q

Blackheads

A
  • open comedones ( open to the air)
  • appear as a black spec on your skin
    -skin debris mixes with sebum- natural oil in your skin- clogging your pores
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10
Q

Whiteheads

A
  • closed comedones
    -the pure is closed off by a layer of skin
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11
Q

Pustules

A
  • contain fluid or pus & show up as large white bumps surrounded by red, inflamed skin
    -most commonly, bacterial growth in clogged follicles causes pustules
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12
Q

Papules

A
  • are solid, raised lesions usually less than one cam in diameter
    -may be a variety of different shapes, colors & sizes
    -start as solid, after a few days they fill up with pus & become a pustule
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13
Q

Nodules

A
  • develops when the pores deeper down in the skin are plugged by dead skin cells & oil
  • results in large, deep lesion that may be visible on the surface if it’s inflamed
    -if they continue to grow larger, they can become a nodule cyst, which is usually painful
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14
Q

Cysts

A
  • considered the most serious type of acne
    -caused by clogged pores beneath the surface of the skin
  • contain fluid or pus & may appear large, red, & are typically painful
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15
Q

Classic facial

A
  • comes with a deep cleansing, extractions of whiteheads & blackheads, a head & neck massage & relaxation

Goal- wake up looking & feeling rested & refreshed

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16
Q

Microdermabrasion Facial

A
  • non invasive cosmetic treatment
  • device used to buff away the top layers of dead skin- depressed scars & discolouration can improve with this facial

Goal- brighter, smoother, more evenly toned skin

17
Q

LED Facial

A
  • emit a combination of white, red, & blue infrared light
    -lights work on the tone, collagen & bacteria in your skin

Goal- meant to fight against active acne & is ideal for people with sensitive skin

18
Q

Decongesting Facial

A

-Professional pore digging to remove minor breakouts

Goal- to clear blocked pores & to help dissolve the outer layers of skin for resurfacing & keeping pores clean

19
Q

Brightening Facial

A
  • including a mixture of acid peels, masks & serums, brightening facials target dark marks ( hyperpigmentation)

Goal- to reduce the discolouration left over from prior acne problems

20
Q

Salicylic Acid

A
  • penetrates pore
  • dissolves sebum
  • unclogs pore

Best for:

Oily & acne prone skin types

21
Q

Glycolic Acid

A
  • AHA
  • helps exfoliate
    -brightens

Best for:

Oily & combination skin types

22
Q

Lactic Acid

A

-AHA
-helps with fine lines
-skin barrier

Best for:

Dry & sensitive skin types

23
Q

Niacinamide

A

-reduce sebum
-pore care
-acne fighting

Best for:

All skin types

24
Q

Retinoid

A
  • reduce sebum
    -anti-aging

Strength level:
1) Retinyl Esters
2) Retinol
3) Retinaldehyde
4)Retinoic Acid

25
Q

What is a chemical peel?

A
  • a procedure that is used to improve the appearance of the skin
  • done through the controlled application of chemicals to the skin
    -comes in various depths & strengths
    -light chemical peels treat the outer layers of the skin
  • strong chemical peels penetrate deeper into the skin’s surface
  • raise the acidity of the skin to around 3.8 PH level
    -bonds between the skin are broken down, exfoliation occurs as dead skin is removed to reveal healthy skin underneath ( promotes the growth of new, healthy skin cells
26
Q

What are the two chemical exfoliants found in chemical peels?

A

1) Alpha Hydroxy Acids- derived from foods. Ex: critic acid found in citrus fruits & lactic acid is found in sour milk. Exfoliate the skin by loosening the surface layers. Useful in treating uneven skin tone, scarring, hyperpigmentation & acne

Most common AHAs
- Lactic Acid
-Mandelic acid
-Malic acid
-Citric acid
-Glycolic acid

2) Beta Hydroxy Acids-( salicylic acid) works to penetrate the pores of the skin & dissolve the oil, dirt & debris in them. Effective for fighting acne, oily skin & other skin irritations

27
Q

Types of chemical peels

A
  • superficial peels-mildest type of chemical peel & can be used on all skin types. Removes only a small part of the epidermis or outer layer of the skin
  • medium depth peels- penetrates further than superficial peels to remove the epidermis & some of the dermis or underlying middle layer of skin
  • deep peels - cause a second degree burn to the skin penetrating all the way to the subcutaneous or third & deepest layer of skin
28
Q

Alpha Beta Acid Peel

A
  • light peel uses a mild alpha & beta Hydroxy acid formula
  • no downtime & quick results (“lunchtime peel”)

Used to treat
- uneven texture
- acne scars
- breakouts

29
Q

Glycolic Acid Peel

A
  • most popular & lightest peel
  • natural peel derived from sugarcane delivers long lasting results & can help to improve the appearance of uneven skin texture & tone.

Used to treat
- uneven texture
- aging skin

30
Q

Salicylic Acid Peel

A

-light chemical peel that is useful for killing off acne causing bacteria in the skin
- peel acts as an antiseptic exfoliate that deeply cleanses the pores of your skin

Used to treat
-breakouts
-acne scars

31
Q

Jessner Peel

A
  • mix of acids including lactic, salicylic & resorcinol
  • depth & aggressiveness of the modified jessner’s peel can be customized depending on the patient’s skincare needs, as it’s applied in multiple layers

Used to treat
-breakouts
-acne scars
-hyperpigmentation

32
Q

Aftercare of chemical peel

A
  • amount of downtime needed for a chemical peel depends on the strength of the peel
    -superficial peel can have a quick recovery time of under a week
  • more aggressive peel that traget deeper layers of the skin may require 1-2 weeks of recovery time
  • During recovery period, skin may become dry, peel or get irritated
33
Q

What is a hydrafacial ?

A

-Facial treatment using a patented pen- like device to deliver exfoliation, cleansing, extraction, & hydration to the face.
- Uses a vortex swirling action to deliver hydration & to remove dead skin, dirt, debris & impurities whilst cleaning & soothing your skin
- includes 4 facials treatments rolled in one session

34
Q

What are the steps of a hydrafacial?

A

1) cleansing & exfoliation - dead skin cells are removed to reveal healthy new skin ( lactic, HA & algae)
2) acid peel - helps loosen dirt & debris from pores without irritation ( glycolic & salicylic acid)
3) extractions- painless, automated extractions use vacuum suction to draw out impurities
4) hydration- antioxidants & HA are Vortex-Fused to nourish & protect

35
Q

Advantages of hydrafacial

A
  • it’s suitable for most skin conditions
    -consistent experience & results
    -no side effects or downtime
    -time effective
    -long lasting effects

Medical Aesthetician (8 decks)

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