Advanced Facials Flashcards
Largest organ of the body?
Skin and it has 3 layers which are the epidermis, dermis & subcutaneous
What are keratinocytes?
Main cells of the epidermis formed by cell division at its base.
What is corneocytes?
Flatten dead keratinocytes that together make up the very outer layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum.
What are melanocytes?
Produce the pigment melanin that protects against UV radiation & gives skin its color
What are sweat glands?
Produce sweat that travels via sweat ducts to openings in the epidermis called pores.( okay a toke in temperature regulation)
What are hair follicles?
Pits in which hair grows.( play a role in temperature regulation)
What are sebaceous glands?
Produce sebum (an oil) to keep hairs free from dust & bacteria. Sebum & sweat make up the surface film.
What are the Functions of the skin?
-provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal & physical injury & hazardous substances
-prevents loss of moisture
-reduces harmful effects of UV radiation
-acts as a sensory organ ( touch, detects temperature)
- helps regulate body temperature
- an immune organ to detect infections etc
- production of vitamin D
Blackheads
- open comedones ( open to the air)
- appear as a black spec on your skin
-skin debris mixes with sebum- natural oil in your skin- clogging your pores
Whiteheads
- closed comedones
-the pure is closed off by a layer of skin
Pustules
- contain fluid or pus & show up as large white bumps surrounded by red, inflamed skin
-most commonly, bacterial growth in clogged follicles causes pustules
Papules
- are solid, raised lesions usually less than one cam in diameter
-may be a variety of different shapes, colors & sizes
-start as solid, after a few days they fill up with pus & become a pustule
Nodules
- develops when the pores deeper down in the skin are plugged by dead skin cells & oil
- results in large, deep lesion that may be visible on the surface if it’s inflamed
-if they continue to grow larger, they can become a nodule cyst, which is usually painful
Cysts
- considered the most serious type of acne
-caused by clogged pores beneath the surface of the skin - contain fluid or pus & may appear large, red, & are typically painful
Classic facial
- comes with a deep cleansing, extractions of whiteheads & blackheads, a head & neck massage & relaxation
Goal- wake up looking & feeling rested & refreshed
Microdermabrasion Facial
- non invasive cosmetic treatment
- device used to buff away the top layers of dead skin- depressed scars & discolouration can improve with this facial
Goal- brighter, smoother, more evenly toned skin
LED Facial
- emit a combination of white, red, & blue infrared light
-lights work on the tone, collagen & bacteria in your skin
Goal- meant to fight against active acne & is ideal for people with sensitive skin
Decongesting Facial
-Professional pore digging to remove minor breakouts
Goal- to clear blocked pores & to help dissolve the outer layers of skin for resurfacing & keeping pores clean
Brightening Facial
- including a mixture of acid peels, masks & serums, brightening facials target dark marks ( hyperpigmentation)
Goal- to reduce the discolouration left over from prior acne problems
Salicylic Acid
- penetrates pore
- dissolves sebum
- unclogs pore
Best for:
Oily & acne prone skin types
Glycolic Acid
- AHA
- helps exfoliate
-brightens
Best for:
Oily & combination skin types
Lactic Acid
-AHA
-helps with fine lines
-skin barrier
Best for:
Dry & sensitive skin types
Niacinamide
-reduce sebum
-pore care
-acne fighting
Best for:
All skin types
Retinoid
- reduce sebum
-anti-aging
Strength level:
1) Retinyl Esters
2) Retinol
3) Retinaldehyde
4)Retinoic Acid
What is a chemical peel?
- a procedure that is used to improve the appearance of the skin
- done through the controlled application of chemicals to the skin
-comes in various depths & strengths
-light chemical peels treat the outer layers of the skin - strong chemical peels penetrate deeper into the skin’s surface
- raise the acidity of the skin to around 3.8 PH level
-bonds between the skin are broken down, exfoliation occurs as dead skin is removed to reveal healthy skin underneath ( promotes the growth of new, healthy skin cells
What are the two chemical exfoliants found in chemical peels?
1) Alpha Hydroxy Acids- derived from foods. Ex: critic acid found in citrus fruits & lactic acid is found in sour milk. Exfoliate the skin by loosening the surface layers. Useful in treating uneven skin tone, scarring, hyperpigmentation & acne
Most common AHAs
- Lactic Acid
-Mandelic acid
-Malic acid
-Citric acid
-Glycolic acid
2) Beta Hydroxy Acids-( salicylic acid) works to penetrate the pores of the skin & dissolve the oil, dirt & debris in them. Effective for fighting acne, oily skin & other skin irritations
Types of chemical peels
- superficial peels-mildest type of chemical peel & can be used on all skin types. Removes only a small part of the epidermis or outer layer of the skin
- medium depth peels- penetrates further than superficial peels to remove the epidermis & some of the dermis or underlying middle layer of skin
- deep peels - cause a second degree burn to the skin penetrating all the way to the subcutaneous or third & deepest layer of skin
Alpha Beta Acid Peel
- light peel uses a mild alpha & beta Hydroxy acid formula
- no downtime & quick results (“lunchtime peel”)
Used to treat
- uneven texture
- acne scars
- breakouts
Glycolic Acid Peel
- most popular & lightest peel
- natural peel derived from sugarcane delivers long lasting results & can help to improve the appearance of uneven skin texture & tone.
Used to treat
- uneven texture
- aging skin
Salicylic Acid Peel
-light chemical peel that is useful for killing off acne causing bacteria in the skin
- peel acts as an antiseptic exfoliate that deeply cleanses the pores of your skin
Used to treat
-breakouts
-acne scars
Jessner Peel
- mix of acids including lactic, salicylic & resorcinol
- depth & aggressiveness of the modified jessner’s peel can be customized depending on the patient’s skincare needs, as it’s applied in multiple layers
Used to treat
-breakouts
-acne scars
-hyperpigmentation
Aftercare of chemical peel
- amount of downtime needed for a chemical peel depends on the strength of the peel
-superficial peel can have a quick recovery time of under a week - more aggressive peel that traget deeper layers of the skin may require 1-2 weeks of recovery time
- During recovery period, skin may become dry, peel or get irritated
What is a hydrafacial ?
-Facial treatment using a patented pen- like device to deliver exfoliation, cleansing, extraction, & hydration to the face.
- Uses a vortex swirling action to deliver hydration & to remove dead skin, dirt, debris & impurities whilst cleaning & soothing your skin
- includes 4 facials treatments rolled in one session
What are the steps of a hydrafacial?
1) cleansing & exfoliation - dead skin cells are removed to reveal healthy new skin ( lactic, HA & algae)
2) acid peel - helps loosen dirt & debris from pores without irritation ( glycolic & salicylic acid)
3) extractions- painless, automated extractions use vacuum suction to draw out impurities
4) hydration- antioxidants & HA are Vortex-Fused to nourish & protect
Advantages of hydrafacial
- it’s suitable for most skin conditions
-consistent experience & results
-no side effects or downtime
-time effective
-long lasting effects
