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Esws > Medical > Flashcards

Medical Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of first aid?

A

Save lives
Prevent further injury
Minimize infection

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2
Q

What is the meaning of mass casualty?

A

Number of casualties outweighs medical support

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3
Q

What is triage?

A

A French word meaning to sort

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4
Q

Where do you call when “calling it away”?

A

DCC - 4257
Quarterdeck - 3201/3202
Pilot house - 3222

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5
Q

What is the definition of shock?

A

Failure of heart and blood vessels to maintain enough oxygen-rich blood getting to vital organs of the body.

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6
Q

How do you treat for shock?

A

Elevate feet 6-12 inches

Keep warm

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7
Q

What is hemorrhaging?

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

Describe arterial bleeding

A

Recognized as spurting blood from the wound

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9
Q

Describe venous bleeding

A

Recognized as pooling or pouring blood from the wound

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10
Q

What are 4 ways to control hemorrhaging?

A

Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet

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11
Q

What are dressings for?

A

To cover wounds

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12
Q

What are bandages for?

A

Hold dressings in place

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13
Q

What is the purpose of bandages and dressings?

A

Control bleeding
Protect wound
Prevent contamination

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14
Q

What is the definition of pressure point?

A

Compressing an artery against a bone

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15
Q

How many pressure points are there?

A

22 (11 on each side)

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16
Q

What are the pressure points?

A

Temporal, mandibular, carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial

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17
Q

What is a tourniquet?

A

Flat constricting band grater than 1in wide to cut off blood supply to an injured limb

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18
Q

When should a tourniquet be used?

A

Only as a last resort

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19
Q

Where should a tourniquet be placed?

A

Above and as close to the wound edge as possible

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20
Q

What should you do after applying a tourniquet?

A

Mark “T” on the victims head and the time the tourniquet was applied

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21
Q

3 types of heat casualties

A

Heat cramp
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke

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22
Q

What causes Heat cramps?

A

Hot environments

Excessive sweating

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23
Q

Symptoms of heat cramp

A

Muscular pain and spasm
Faintness or dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Exhaustion and fatigue

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24
Q

How do you treat heat cramps?

A

Move casualty to a cool area
If the victim can drink, give 1/2 glass of cool water every 15 minutes
If vomiting, do not give water
Gently stretch or massage muscle to relieve spasm

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25
Q

What are the causes of heat exhaustion?

A

Excessive severe loss of water and salt

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26
Q

Symptoms of heat exhaustion

A 
Temperature of 104 degrees or less
Headache, nausea, loss of appetite
Dizziness, weakness, or fainting
Malaise
Pupils dilated
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Rapid and shallow breathing
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27
Q

How do you treat heat exhaustion?

A 
Move casualty to cool area
Apply cool, wet compress
Remove heavy or wet clothing
If casualty can drink, give 1/2 glass of water every 15 minutes
Treat for shock
Request medical assistance
28
Q

What are the causes of heat stroke?

A

Casualty is unable to cool the body fast enough

The heat causes serious damage to brain and internal organs

29
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke

A 
Casualty may still be sweating
Skin will be hot, red, and dry
Altered mental status
Temperature of 105 degrees or higher
Headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness
Abnormal breathing pattern 
Fast and weak pulse
Pupils constricted
30
Q

How do you treat heat stroke?

A 
Reduce the body temperature immediately
Cold packs to armpits, groin; neck, and behind the knee
Move victim to coolest place possible. 
Remove clothing
ABCs
Call 911 or DCC
Treat for shock 
Give nothing by mouth
31
Q

How is the severity of a burn determined?

A

Depth - 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree

Amount of skin burned

32
Q

Symptoms of a 1st degree burn

A

Upper later if skin
Equivalent to sunburn
Pain and redness only
Heals without scars

33
Q

What are the symptoms of a 2nd degree burn?

A 
Deep skin damaged
Extremely painful
Blisters, weeping fluid
Easily infected. Do not break blisters
Heals within 2-3 weeks, may leave scars
34
Q

Symptoms of 3rd degree burns

A

Full thickness of skin destroyed
Destroyed skin has no pain, surrounding areas extremely painful
May be white or charred black
Cannot heal within a skin graft from another part of the body

35
Q

What is the rule of 9s?

A

A quick way to determine the percent of body burned

36
Q

What can you use to determine the percent of area burned?

A

Use palm or fist, approximately 1% if body surface area

37
Q

What percent is critical with burns?

A

30% or higher

38
Q

What are some types of burns?

A

Chemical
Electrical
Radiation
Thermal

39
Q

How do you treat chemical burns?

A 
Check MSDS/HMUG for info
Remove clothing
Brush off dry powders before applying water
Flush with water for 20 minutes 
Do not try to neutralize, use only water
40
Q

How do you treat electrical burns?

A

Secure power first
Remember, deep tissues are also burned
All electrical injuries must be evaluated by medical personnel

41
Q

How do you treat thermal burns?

A

Remove heat source, move the patient
Use only dry and sterile dressings
Remove jewelry quickly before skin swells around them
Remove clothing over affected areas unless clothes stick to them

42
Q

What is a closed compound fracture?

A

Complete break in the bone; but does not break the skin

43
Q

What is an open compound fracture?

A

Complete breaking of the bone, breaks the skin

44
Q

How do you treat an open compound fracture?

A

Stop the bleeding first
Splint the bones
Do not attempt to straighten broken or dislocated bones

45
Q

Purpose of a splint

A

Immobilizes broken bones l, preventing further injury

46
Q

How do you place a splint on a broken bone?

A

Measure in uninjured limb and cover joint to joint

Fasten splints in place with bandages, tape or other suitable material

47
Q

How do you treat a sucking chest wound?

A

If injury has entrance/exit wound: cover wound with hand until dressing is placed. Wipe off blood before dressing and taping
Entrance taped on 3 sides over occlusive plastic dressing
Exit taped on 4 sides
Both wounds covered by large battle dressing

48
Q

What should you use to cover the hole of a sucking chest wound?

A

Malleable plastic. Like a trash bag

Do not use rigid plastic

49
Q

How do you treat an abdominal evisceration?

A

Use 2 abdominal emergency trauma dressings

Wet-dry

50
Q

What should you never do to an abdominal evisceration?

A

Never give anything by mouth

Never push protruding bowels back into abdominal cavity

51
Q

Name 3 types of stretchers

A

Stokes
SAR
Rescue sleeve (reeve sleeve)

52
Q

Describe a stokes stretcher

A

Metal frame with chicken wire basket

Most common type onboard US navy vessels

53
Q

Describe SAR stretchers

A

Sea to air rescue litters

54
Q

Describe rescue sleeves

A

Orange in color

Most preferred type onboard USS blue ridge

55
Q

Where are the Reeve sleeves located?

A

In battle dressing stations

56
Q

Where are the SAR litters located?

A

In the RHIBs

57
Q

How do you transport stretchers on the ship?

A

Always go down a p-way feet first
Always go up a ladder well head first and down feet first
Must have at least 4 people to transport

58
Q

Who is the DH for medical?

A

LCDR Saeed

59
Q

Who is the DIVO for medical?

A

LCDR Fagen

60
Q

Who is the LCPO for medical?

A

HMCS Mayes

61
Q

What are the 3 ancillary services provided by medical?

A

X-Ray
Lab
Rx

62
Q

What bandage do you apply to a facial wound?

A

A modified Barton’s bandage

63
Q

In what position should a patient be in for a facial wound?

A

Sitting up and leaning forward

64
Q

How long should a person be removed for smoke inhalation?

A

At least 20 minutes of fresh air

65
Q

How many mass casualty boxes are there?

A

6

66
Q

How many battle dressing stations are there? Where are they?

A

3
Medical
Mess decks (stbd fwd)
Electrical p-way (stbd aft)

67
Q

What is the definition of first aid?

A

Emergency care or treatment of sick or injured persons until professional medical services are obtained

Esws (11 decks)

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