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Anatomy II module II > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Superior mediastinum borders

A

extends from an oblique plane thru the jugular notch and T1 vertebra to a horizontal plane thru sternal angle and T4/5 IV disc inferiorly

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2
Q

Inferior mediastinum border

A

From sternal angle and t4/5 IV disc to the diaphragm. It is subdivided into the anterior middle and posterior regions

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3
Q

Superior mediastinum contents

A

Thymus, GREAT vessels, vagus and phrenic nerves, Trachea, Esophagus, Thoracic Duct.

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4
Q

Thymus location?

A

Root of neck superior and anterior mediastinum. Its the most anterior part of the superior mediastinum

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5
Q

Great arteries

A

Arch of aorta, from right to left they are the:
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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6
Q

Great Veins

A

R and L Brachiocephalic vein (come off of SVC) and SVC

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7
Q

Where is the aorta

A

it begins at the level of the sternal angle, posterior to 2nd right sternocostal joint. (not covered by pericardium)

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8
Q

Where does the aortic arch ascend to before being directed posteriorly?

A

anterior to the right pulmonary artery and trachea

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9
Q

What is the aortic arch continuous with? It passes posterior to root of left lung

A

With the descending thoracic aorta

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10
Q

What does the Brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

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11
Q

What does the left common carotid artery branch into?

A

it doesn’t

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12
Q

Does the left subclavian branch?

A

no

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13
Q

What forms the Left and Right brachiocephalic veins?

A

The union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

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14
Q

Where does the union of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein happen?

A

posterior to the Sternoclavicular joints

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15
Q

Brachiocephalic veins unite to form the ____ at the level of the 1st costal cartilage (right)

A

Superior Vena cava

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16
Q

The SVC terminates at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage, but where does it pass into the middle mediastinum?

A

At the sternal angle

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17
Q

where does the SVC take blood from?

A

From structures superior to the diaphragm, except not the heart and lungs

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18
Q

Does the left vagus in the superior mediastinum pass posterior or anterior to the L Brachiocephalic vein?

A

Posterior

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19
Q

Does the left vagus pass anterior or posterior to the aortic arch?

A

anterior

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20
Q

Does the left vagus pass anterior or posterior to the root of the lung?

A

posterior

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21
Q

The left vagus contributes to

A

pulmonary plexus, esophageal plexus, and anterior vagal trunk

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22
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve go?

A

it passes around aortic arch, then ascends between the trachea and esophagus to reach the larynx

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23
Q

Does the RIGHT vagus pass anterior or posterior to the brachiocephalic vein?

A

posterior

24
Q

Does the RIGHT vagus descend posterior or anterior to the SVC as it runs along the right margin of the trachea?

A

posterior

25
Q

Does the RIGHT vagus pass posterior or anterior to the root of the lung while it is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

posterior

26
Q

In the posterior mediastinum what does the RIGHT vagus contribute to?

A

pulmonary plexus, esophageal plexus, posterior vagal trunk

27
Q

Where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

its a branch in the neck

28
Q

Where do sensory branches of the phrenic nerve go?

A

pericardium, mediastinal pleura and diaphragm

29
Q

Do R and L p hrenic nerves pass anterior or posterior to the subclavian artery

A

anterior

30
Q

do the R and L phrenic nerves pass anterior or posterior to the subclavian vein before entering the superior mediastinum?

A

posterior

31
Q

Pericardiacophrenic vessels travel with the phrenic nerves, they are 3 structures, do they pass anterior or posterior to the root of the lung before descending thru the middle mediastinum between the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura?

A

anterior

32
Q

Where do trachea and esophagus originate?

A

at C6

33
Q

where do trachea and esophagus go after passing thru the neck?

A

to the superior mediastinum

34
Q

The trachea courses anterior to the esophagus and ends at the sternal angle, does it extend to the inferior mediastinum?

A

no

35
Q

Where does the esophagus start and end

A

It starts at C6, goes to superior mediastinum, to the inferior mediastinum to reach the diaphragm, it ends at T11

36
Q

What does the thoracic duct do?

A

conveys most lymph of body to the venous system(but not upper right quadrant)

37
Q

The thoracic duct extends from the cisterna chyli (T12) to the

A

root of the neck

38
Q

The thoracic duct ascends through the posterior mediastinum posterior to the esophagus, between the ____ and the ___

A

descending thoracic aorta and the azygous vein

39
Q

Along its course the thoracic duct takes an oblique course to the left, enters the superior mediastinum, where it passes to the junction of the _____ and _____ where it terminates

A

left subclavian vein, and left IJV

40
Q

Is the anterior mediastinum the largest or smallest subdivision?

A

smallest

41
Q

What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?

A

The body of the sternum and the pericardium

42
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A

thymus (which also extends into anterior) loose connective tissue and fat, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic vessels

43
Q

what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A

Thoracic duct, esophagus and esophageal plexus, thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous vein, sympathetic chain, greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves

44
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta begin and terminate?

A

begins at T4/T5 IV disc, and terminates at T12 vertebral level (where it enters abomen thru aortic hiatus)

45
Q

What are the significant branches of the Thoracic aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries, esophageal arteries, bronchial arteries, mediastinal branches, pericardial branches, superior phrenic arteries

46
Q

Is the thoracic aorta to the left or right of the esophagus as it courses down?

A

to the left

47
Q

Where do the azygous veins receive blood from?

A

From Body wall and mediastinal viscera

48
Q

where does the azygous vein generally start?

A

At L1 level

49
Q

As the azygous vein ascends through posterior mediastinum, is it positioned to the right or left of the thoracic duct?

A

to the right

50
Q

What does the Azygous vein arch over to get to the SVC?

A

over the root of the right lung?

51
Q

What the fukc is up with the hemiazygous vein and accessory hemiazygous vein?

A

they are on the left, and usually empty into the azygous vein but they are variable

52
Q

The R and L sympathetic chain pass along the length of the ______ mediastinum

A

posterior

53
Q

What are the three thoracic splanchnic nerves?

A

Greater, lesser and Least

54
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve spinal levels?

A

T5-T9

55
Q

Lesser Splanchnic nerve spinal level?

A

T10-T11

56
Q

Least splanchnic nerve spinal levels?

A

T 12

Anatomy II module II (6 decks)

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