Anterior Abdominal wall and abdominal organs Flashcards
External oblique attachments?
Ribs 5-12, Linea Alba, pubic tubercle, Iliac crest
External oblique innervation
Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
what does the external oblique do?
compress and support abdominal viscera, Flex and rotate trunk to OPPOSITE side
Superficial inguinal ring
formed by aponeurosis of external oblique
The inguinal canal has an opening at each end, they are called
Deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring
Spermatic cord in the inguinal canal consists of
Ductus deferens, testicular artery, sympathetic nerve fibers
Internal oblique attachments
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, Ribs 10-12, LA
Internal oblique innervation
Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
Internal Oblique action?
compress support abdominal viscera, flex and rotate trunk to the same side
Transversus Abdominis attachment
Ribs 7-12 and costal cartilages, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia. LA pubic crest
Transversus Abdominis innervation
Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
transversus abdominis action
compress and support abdominal viscera
Each of the three flat muscles is covered on its anterior and posterior surface by a layer of
fascia
What is special about the transversalis fascia?
It is a fascia that unlike the others, is large enough to see. It is continuous with the endoabdominal fascia
What is deep to the transversalis fascia?
Extraperitoneal fascia (connective tissue also has fat)
What is deep to the extraperitoneal fascia?
the peritoneum, a thin serous membrane lining the abdominal walls and some viscera of the abdominal cavity
Superficial layer of abdominal wall?
Fatty and membranous
Deep(investing) layers of the abdominal wall?
envelop muscle layers
Order of layers of Fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?
Superficial layer, Deep layer, transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fascia, peritoneum
Rectus abdominis attachments
Pubic symphysis and pubic crest, xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
Rectus abdominis innervation
segmental thoracoabdominal nerves
Rectus abdominis muscle action?
compress support abdominal viscera, flex the trunk
What is the rectus sheath?
fascia surrounding rectus abdominus muscle
the rectus scheath surrounds rectus abdominis until it reaches the
arcuate line
what’s the arcuate line
Its actually a part of the pelvis, it lies at the beginning of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominis
What is posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line?
the transversalis fascia
What is the superior part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?
Superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery)
What is the lateral part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?
10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries
what is the inferior part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?
inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)
Where do the superior/interior epigastric arteries enter and what do they supply?
they enter the rectus sheath and supply the rectus muscle posteriorly
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
pancreas, kidney, adrenals, urinary bladder
Lesser omentum
connects lesser curve of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to the liver
Greater omentum
prominent peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of duodenum and folds back and attaches to anterior surface of transverse colon and its mesentery
Esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus in the muscular…
right crus of the diaphragm, just to the LEFT of the medial plane at the level of the T10 vertebra
Where does the esophagus terminate?
by entering the stomach at cardial orifice, to the left of the midline at the level of the 7th left costal cartilage and T11 vertebra
The appendix is located where?
it arises from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum inferior to the ileocecal junction
Where is the liver?
deep to ribs 7-11 on the right side but does not cross the midline
What is the porta hepatis?
point of entry for hepatic arteries and portal vein and point of exit for hepatic ducts
What is the Hepato-Duodenal Ligament?
the thick free edge of the lesser omentum between the porta hepatis of the liver and the duodenum, it encloses the portal triad, a few lymph nodes lymphatic vessels and the hepatic plexus of nerves
What is the hepatogastric ligament?
sheetlike remainder of lesser omentum, it extends between the groove for the ligamentum venosum of the liver and the lesser curve of stomach
What does the portal vein do?
collects poorly O2 nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of the GI tract, including gallbladder pancreas and spleen and carries it to the liver
what does the hepatic vein do?
Carries filtered blood to the IVC
What supplies the parenchyma of the liver?
Hepatic artery
What forms the portal vein?
union of splenic and superior mesenteric vein. It divides into right and left just before entering liver
Where is the pancreas?
neck of pancreas is over 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, its behind the stomach
What makes the common hepatic duct?
R and L hepatic duct
what forms common bile duct?
by union of cystic and common hepatic duct
where does the pancreatic duct go?
from pancreas to duodenum
Where are the kidneys?
Superior poles of kidneys lie deep to 11th and 12th ribs. Right kidney is lower than left
Where is the spleen?
deep to LEFT 9th thru 11th ribs
Where does spleen get blood from?
large splenic artery
Do the GI tract and spleen have paired or unpaired vasculature?
unpaired
What makes the celiac trunk?
it divides into left gastric, splenic and common hepatic artery
where does Right gastric artery come from?
from the hepatic artery
What are the superior mesenteric artery branches?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, jejunal and ileal arteries, middle right colic, ileocolic artery
What are the branches of the inferior Mesenteric artery?
Left colic, sigmoid arteries, and superior rectal artery
What are the lateral visceral arteries?
Inferior phrenic, suprarenal, renal, reproductive
What is the Portacaval anastomosis and what is its significance?
it is an anastomosis that occurs between the veins of portal circulation and those of systemic circulation, Inferior end of esophagus is one of the most important parts. If you have cirrhosis of the liver you can get portal hypertension, then the anastomoses can become congested and form a venous dilation, which can lead to esophageal varices and rectal hemorrhoids.
