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Anatomy II module II > Anterior Abdominal wall and abdominal organs > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal wall and abdominal organs Flashcards

1
Q

External oblique attachments?

A

Ribs 5-12, Linea Alba, pubic tubercle, Iliac crest

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2
Q

External oblique innervation

A

Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

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3
Q

what does the external oblique do?

A

compress and support abdominal viscera, Flex and rotate trunk to OPPOSITE side

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4
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

formed by aponeurosis of external oblique

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5
Q

The inguinal canal has an opening at each end, they are called

A

Deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring

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6
Q

Spermatic cord in the inguinal canal consists of

A

Ductus deferens, testicular artery, sympathetic nerve fibers

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7
Q

Internal oblique attachments

A

thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, Ribs 10-12, LA

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8
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

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9
Q

Internal Oblique action?

A

compress support abdominal viscera, flex and rotate trunk to the same side

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10
Q

Transversus Abdominis attachment

A

Ribs 7-12 and costal cartilages, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia. LA pubic crest

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11
Q

Transversus Abdominis innervation

A

Segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

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12
Q

transversus abdominis action

A

compress and support abdominal viscera

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13
Q

Each of the three flat muscles is covered on its anterior and posterior surface by a layer of

A

fascia

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14
Q

What is special about the transversalis fascia?

A

It is a fascia that unlike the others, is large enough to see. It is continuous with the endoabdominal fascia

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15
Q

What is deep to the transversalis fascia?

A

Extraperitoneal fascia (connective tissue also has fat)

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16
Q

What is deep to the extraperitoneal fascia?

A

the peritoneum, a thin serous membrane lining the abdominal walls and some viscera of the abdominal cavity

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17
Q

Superficial layer of abdominal wall?

A

Fatty and membranous

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18
Q

Deep(investing) layers of the abdominal wall?

A

envelop muscle layers

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19
Q

Order of layers of Fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superficial layer, Deep layer, transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fascia, peritoneum

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20
Q

Rectus abdominis attachments

A

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest, xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

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21
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

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22
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle action?

A

compress support abdominal viscera, flex the trunk

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23
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

fascia surrounding rectus abdominus muscle

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24
Q

the rectus scheath surrounds rectus abdominis until it reaches the

A

arcuate line

25
Q

what’s the arcuate line

A

Its actually a part of the pelvis, it lies at the beginning of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominis

26
Q

What is posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line?

A

the transversalis fascia

27
Q

What is the superior part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery)

28
Q

What is the lateral part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?

A

10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries

29
Q

what is the inferior part of the deep arterial supply of the abdominal wall?

A

inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)

30
Q

Where do the superior/interior epigastric arteries enter and what do they supply?

A

they enter the rectus sheath and supply the rectus muscle posteriorly

31
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

pancreas, kidney, adrenals, urinary bladder

32
Q

Lesser omentum

A

connects lesser curve of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to the liver

33
Q

Greater omentum

A

prominent peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of duodenum and folds back and attaches to anterior surface of transverse colon and its mesentery

34
Q

Esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus in the muscular…

A

right crus of the diaphragm, just to the LEFT of the medial plane at the level of the T10 vertebra

35
Q

Where does the esophagus terminate?

A

by entering the stomach at cardial orifice, to the left of the midline at the level of the 7th left costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

36
Q

The appendix is located where?

A

it arises from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum inferior to the ileocecal junction

37
Q

Where is the liver?

A

deep to ribs 7-11 on the right side but does not cross the midline

38
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

point of entry for hepatic arteries and portal vein and point of exit for hepatic ducts

39
Q

What is the Hepato-Duodenal Ligament?

A

the thick free edge of the lesser omentum between the porta hepatis of the liver and the duodenum, it encloses the portal triad, a few lymph nodes lymphatic vessels and the hepatic plexus of nerves

40
Q

What is the hepatogastric ligament?

A

sheetlike remainder of lesser omentum, it extends between the groove for the ligamentum venosum of the liver and the lesser curve of stomach

41
Q

What does the portal vein do?

A

collects poorly O2 nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of the GI tract, including gallbladder pancreas and spleen and carries it to the liver

42
Q

what does the hepatic vein do?

A

Carries filtered blood to the IVC

43
Q

What supplies the parenchyma of the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

44
Q

What forms the portal vein?

A

union of splenic and superior mesenteric vein. It divides into right and left just before entering liver

45
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A

neck of pancreas is over 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, its behind the stomach

46
Q

What makes the common hepatic duct?

A

R and L hepatic duct

47
Q

what forms common bile duct?

A

by union of cystic and common hepatic duct

48
Q

where does the pancreatic duct go?

A

from pancreas to duodenum

49
Q

Where are the kidneys?

A

Superior poles of kidneys lie deep to 11th and 12th ribs. Right kidney is lower than left

50
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

deep to LEFT 9th thru 11th ribs

51
Q

Where does spleen get blood from?

A

large splenic artery

52
Q

Do the GI tract and spleen have paired or unpaired vasculature?

A

unpaired

53
Q

What makes the celiac trunk?

A

it divides into left gastric, splenic and common hepatic artery

54
Q

where does Right gastric artery come from?

A

from the hepatic artery

55
Q

What are the superior mesenteric artery branches?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, jejunal and ileal arteries, middle right colic, ileocolic artery

56
Q

What are the branches of the inferior Mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic, sigmoid arteries, and superior rectal artery

57
Q

What are the lateral visceral arteries?

A

Inferior phrenic, suprarenal, renal, reproductive

58
Q

What is the Portacaval anastomosis and what is its significance?

A

it is an anastomosis that occurs between the veins of portal circulation and those of systemic circulation, Inferior end of esophagus is one of the most important parts. If you have cirrhosis of the liver you can get portal hypertension, then the anastomoses can become congested and form a venous dilation, which can lead to esophageal varices and rectal hemorrhoids.

Anatomy II module II (6 decks)

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