Autonomic nervous system Flashcards
Where are the somas of the first and second neurons in the symp and parasymp chain?
The first is in the CNS the second is in the PNS
What do GVE do?
control involuntary functions like vascular tone and glandular secretions
What to GVA do?
carry pain info to CNS and represent afferent limb of autonomic reflex
Where are the soma of preganglionic sympathetic neurons?
lateral horn of spinal cord T1-L2/3
Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord?
via anterior horn of the spinal cord
Pre.g sympathetic fibers do one of three things after leaving the anterior horn of the spinal cord What three things are they?
Synapse on symp chain at the SAME LEVEL. Ascend or descend in the symp chain/trunk and synapse at ANOTHER LEVEL. Pass thru the symp chain WITHOUT SYNAPSING and travel to paravertebral ganglia
What makes the sympathetic chain ganglia?
The soma of POSTganglionic sympathetic neurons
Name the 3 cervical ganglia
Superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, inferior cervical ganglion
Where is the Superior cervical ganglion?
at C1-C2 vertebral level
Where is the Middle Cervical Ganglion?
at C6 vertebral level/ cricoid cartilage
where is the inferior cervical ganglion?
at C7 vertebral level.
In about 80% of individuals the C7 and T1 ganglia are…
fused to form the stellate ganglion
Besides the cervical ganglia, what other ganglia are there in the sympathetic chain?
10-12 Thoracic, 4 Lumbar, 4-5 sacral ganglia
How many spinal nerves do sympathetic fibers course through? What about named nerves along the body wall?
They course through ALL spinal nerves and MOST named nerves that run in the extremeties and the body wall
Do Parasympathetic fibers travel to limbs or body wall?
No they do not
Do symp or parasymp fibers course to blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles and virtually all parts of the body except for cartilge and nails?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers do this
Where does dental pulp receive its postganglionic sympathetic fibers from?What type of fibers are they? what do they control?
From the superior cervical ganglion. They are GVE fibers and control vascular tone
The GSA fibers in pulp transmit pain info to what cranial nerve?
CN-V
where do superior cervical ganglion receive preganglionic sympathetic fibers from?Do they ascend or descend to get there?
T1-T3 they ascend through the chain to get to their synapse at the superior cervical ganglion
The Superior cervical ganglion postganglionic fibers contribute to
Internal carotid plexus, external carotid plexus, carotid body and sinus, C1-C4 spinal nerves, cardiac plexus REVIEW THIS SLIDE IT SUCKS (slide 14)
Sometimes the Middle cervical ganglion is…
missing, it is the smallest
PREganglionic symp fibers of the MIDDLE cervical ganglion come from
T1-T3 and T4 and T5
POSTganglionic symp fibers from the MIDDLE cervical ganglion contribute to…
C5 and 6 spinal nerves, and the cardiac plexus via the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve
The Inferior cervical ganglion is sometimes….
FUSED with 1st thoracic as the stellate ganglion
The PREganglionic symp fibers of the INFERIOR cervical ganglion come from
T1-T3 and T4 and T5.
the POSTganglionic symp fibers from the INFERIOR cervical ganglion contribute to
C7 and C8 spinal nerves and cardiac plexus via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1-T5(upper thoracic ganglia) in from the lateral horn synapse where in addition to the superior middle and inferior cervical ganglia?
At the THORACIC paravertebral ganglia at the SAME level T1-T5
POSTganglionic sympathetic fibers from the upper thoracic ganglia contribute to what?
Cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, via the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves and spinal nerves T1-T5
With respect to the MID-LOWER thoracic and LUMBAR ganglia and PREganglionic splanchnic nerves, where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse?
In THORACIC paravertebral ganglia at the same level for the MOST part.
If PREganglionic symp fibers from the Mid thoracic/lumbar/preganglionic splanchnic nerves pass thru the chain WITHOUT synapsing they form ABDOMINOPELVIC splanchnic nerves, which include what?
GREATER. LESSER, LEAST and LUMBAR splanchnic nerves
Where is the Greater Splanchnic nerve?
T5-T9
Where is the lesser splanchnic nerve?
T10-T11
Where is the Least splanchnic nerve?
T12 (its the only one with one spinal level)
Where is the Lumbar splanchnic nerve?
L1-L2/3
Where do Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves travel to?
prevertebral ganglia
List the prevertebral ganglia
Celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia
POSTganglionic symp fibers of the abdominoppelvic splanchnic nerves leave their ganglia and are distributed to the
organs
organ of celiac ganglia?
Foregut
Organ of Superior mesenteric ganglia?
midgut
organ of inferior mesenteric ganglia?
hindgut
organ of aorticorena ganglia?
Kidney
How does one get horner’s syndrome?
interruption of the cervical sympathetic chain
what are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?
Absence of sympathetic functions on IPSILATERAL side of the head, like: pupil constriction, ptosis, redness of skin due to vasodilation, anhydrosis or absence of sweating
Which brainstem nuclei are PREganglionic parasympathetic fibers located in?
Those associated wtih CN III, VII, IX, X. they are also found in S2 S3 and S4
Where are the POSTganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers located?
In the ganglia close to the target organs
