Mediastinum Flashcards
What is the border of the superior mediastinum?
from thoracic inlet to the level of the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
What is the transverse thoracic plane of Ludwig?
the plane at the sternal angle, 2nd rib ala Angle of Louie, and vertebral level T4/5 where the mediastinum is separated into superior and inferior divisions
what is in the anterior mediastinum?
fat, remnants of thymus
whats in the middle mediastinum?
heart, great veseels, pericardium
whats in the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus, trachea, descending aorta, thoracic duct, azygous v., hemizygous v., sympathetic trunks, and splancnic n.
what structures run on posterior sternum?
internal throacic veins arteries and lymph
which side of the heart is usually anterior?
Right
which side of the heart is usually posterior?
Left
where is the phrenic n. in relation to the hilum of the lungs?
anterior - between fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura
where does the vagus n. in relationship to the hilum of the lungs?
posterior
what is different between the left and right vagus nerves?
left - anterior surface of esophagus right - posterior surface of esophagus
Know recurrent laryngeal n.
What gives the heart sympathetics?
cardiac autonomic plexus
what are the openings in the diaphragm and what are the vertebral levels?
IVC T8
esophagus T10
Abdominal aorta T 12
What do the visceral afferent n. (Vagus n.) supply?
normal physiological processes and reflex activities
what do the visceral afferents that pass through the sympathetic trunks and the splanchnic nerves providing?
detection of esophageal pain
Where does motor inneravation of the esophagus come from?
branchial efferent of vagus - striated
visceral efferent of vagus - smooth
where does the thoracic duct dump?
venous systems at the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavial veins
at what levels are the great, lesser and least splancnic nerves found?
T5-T9
T10-11
T12
