Media Industries Terminology

Question 1

Convergence

Answer 1

2 or more types of media coming together / combination of platforms onto one device ( phone is now an alarm, camera etc)

Question 2

Synergy

Answer 2

Different elements of a company working together to promote related products

Question 3

Concentration of media ownership

Answer 3

The process by which an increasingly small number of companies own most media outlets / combining elements to maximise profits

Question 4

Cross media ownership

Answer 4

When a company produces 2 or more different types of media

Question 5

Conglomerate

Answer 5

A large parent company which owns a range of smaller companies

Question 6

Subsidiary

Answer 6

Smaller companies owned by a parent company

Question 7

Oligopoly

Answer 7

When a market is dominated by a small amount of companies

Question 8

Horizontal integration

Answer 8

When a media company owns several businesses in the same sector of industry

Question 9

Vertical integration

Answer 9

A single company controls both the production and supply of a company

Question 10

Distribution

Answer 10

How people get hold of a product

Question 11

How can distribution be linked with horizontal integration?

Answer 11

Distribution links with horizontal integration as conglomerates can buy their distributor and keep the profiles within their company

Question 12

What is above the line advertising?

Answer 12

Where mass media is used to promote brands and target consumers

Question 13

Where is above the line advertising commonly used?

Answer 13

On television, radio, in print media and on the internet

Question 14

What is the target audience of above the line advertising?

Answer 14

Wider audience

Not specific to individuals

Question 15

What is below the line advertising?

Answer 15

Where more one to one advertising is used

Such as distribution of pamphlets, stickers & brochures etc

Question 16

What does below the line advertising involve?

Answer 16

Product demos, sampling at busy places like shopping centres and market places

Question 17

What is the target audience of below the line advertising?

Answer 17

Niche
Specialised
Smaller as not on internet etc

Question 18

Name 2 advantages of horizontal integration

Answer 18

Profits are shared out between companies
Smaller companies are recognised
Shared costs

Question 19

Name 2 disadvantages of horizontal integration

Answer 19

Smaller/ independent companies can be put out of business
The larger the company, the more intervention from government
Hard to manage as constantly producing good content in a range of brands can be difficult

Question 20

What are 3 advantages if vertical integration?

Answer 20

Company owns all of the chain production and distribution, so they get more profit
Gives producer access to the distributors existing customer base
Eliminates cost of external companies
Breeds loyalty of employees to the company

Question 21

Name 1 disadvantages of vertical integration

Answer 21

One company gets all the profits, meaning smaller companies suffer/ go out of business

Question 22

Regulation

Answer 22

In media, this is the control or guidance of mass media by the government and other bodies
For example, regulation might give the public guidance about the age group that should be allowed to view something