Media analysis, unit 2

Question 1

What does the tri-component model include?

Answer 1

1. Affective - prejudice
2. Behavioural - discrimination
3. Cognitive - Stereotypes

Question 2

What is referent power?

Answer 2

The power given to individuals due to others wanting to be like them or be liked or accepted by them, e.g. celebrities

Question 3

What are two things that can affect attribution?

Answer 3

1. Attribution bias
2. Personal factors

Question 4

What is reward power?

Answer 4

The power given to individuals who have the ability to provide positive consequences or benefits, e.g. parents, giving treats to kids

Question 5

What stages must obtain in order to learn through observation?

Answer 5

1. Attention, must focus on model
2. Retention, retain the behaviour of the model
3. Reproduction, must have the physical and mental capabilities to reproduce the observed behaviour
4. Motivation, must want to reproduce this behaviour
5. Reinforcement, if the learner has a desirable consequence to their behaviour, they are more likely to reproduce this behaviour again/

Question 6

What are social factors?

Answer 6

Influences on behaviour that comes from the expectation of how we should act with other people in society

Question 7

What are the 5 types of power?

Answer 7

1. Legitimate power
2. Coercive power
3. Reward power
4. Expert power
5. Referent power

Question 8

What are the three steps of the cognitive process?

Answer 8

1. Observation of an outward act of behaviour
2. Conscious determintation or acknowledgement of the behaviour
3. Decide on or ‘attribute’ cause to this observed behaviour

Question 9

What are the unoffical rules regarding how we ought to act held by society?

Answer 9

• Social responsibility norm, assist those in need our help
• Reciprocity norm, help those who have helped us
• Social justice norm, only help people that deserve it

Question 10

What is coercive power?

Answer 10

The power given to individuals who have the ability to provide punishments or negative consequences, e.g. the police

Question 11

What is ambiguity?

Answer 11

Refers to a situation being unclear in terms of who is responsible for helping, if many people are present, it might be ambiguous as to who should step in and help

Question 12

What is internal/personal attribution?

Answer 12

Judgement of the causes of behaviour as resulting from features of the individual performing the behaviour

Question 13

What is a collective?

Answer 13

This refers to a large assembly of people who have similar reasons for being at a particular place but are otherwise unaffiliated.

Question 14

What is a group?

Answer 14

Any collection of two or more people who interact with and influence one another, and who share a common purpose.

Question 15

5 ways to communicate non-verbally

Answer 15

• Eye contact
• Facial expressions
• Posture/body language
• Gestures
• Space

Question 16

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 16

The social psychological phenomenon in which when there are other people present, someone is less likely to help.

Question 17

What is perception?

Answer 17

The mental processes used to help form impressions and make conclusions about the personal characteristics of other people

Question 18

What are examples of Attribution bias?

Answer 18

• Self serving bias
• Fundamental attribution error
• Actor-observer bias
• Defensive attribution

Question 19

Example of the tri component model

Answer 19

?

Question 20

What is attribution?

Answer 20

An evaluation made about the causes of behaviour and the process of making this evaluation

Question 21

Types of situational factors?

Answer 21

• Physical proximity
• Risk
• Timing
• Presence of others
• Sensory environmental cues.

Question 22

What are personal factors?

Answer 22

Factors within the individual that determines whether or not they will help.

Question 23

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 23

It is a term to refer to occurrences when either our thoughts, feelings, and’or behaviour don’t align with our overall attititude.

Question 24

What is audience inhibition?

Answer 24

When people do not act, out of fear of embarrassment, many people are present, it could feel rather humiliation fro the helping if they failed

Question 25

What is external/situational attribution?

Answer 25

A judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from forces outside the individual performing the behaviour

Question 26

What is legitimate power?

Answer 26

Power given to individuals due to their status or position over others, e.g. principal, ceo

Question 27

What is a situational factor?

Answer 27

Factors that can either increase or decrease the likelihood of helping behaviour occurring.

Question 28

What are examples of personal factors?

Answer 28

• Culture
• Ideology
• Past experience
• Empathy
• Mood
• Ability
• Attributions

Question 29

What are some examples of internal/personal attributions?

Answer 29

• Psychological state
• Age
• Gender
• Intellect
• Motivation
• Ability
• Desire
• Past behaviour

Question 30

What is observational learning?

Answer 30

The idea that people can learn through modeling their behaviour on what they have watched in their environment

Question 31

Where do social factors stem from?

Answer 31

• Biological needs
• Culture
• Communities
• Wider society

Question 32

What is expert power?

Answer 32

The power given to individuals who have heightened knowledge or skills in a particular field which are valued, e.g. doctors, scientists

Question 33

What is the diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 33

The assumption that someone else present in the situation will take responsibility for helping

Question 34

What is an example of external/situational attribution?

Answer 34

When a person falls off their bike we might attribute this behaviour to the ice and slippery road they were travelling on (the environment and cause) which caused them to lose control (the behaviour)