Media analysis, unit 2 Flashcards
What does the tri-component model include?
- Affective - prejudice
- Behavioural - discrimination
- Cognitive - Stereotypes
What is referent power?
The power given to individuals due to others wanting to be like them or be liked or accepted by them, e.g. celebrities
What are two things that can affect attribution?
- Attribution bias
- Personal factors
What is reward power?
The power given to individuals who have the ability to provide positive consequences or benefits, e.g. parents, giving treats to kids
What stages must obtain in order to learn through observation?
- Attention, must focus on model
- Retention, retain the behaviour of the model
- Reproduction, must have the physical and mental capabilities to reproduce the observed behaviour
- Motivation, must want to reproduce this behaviour
- Reinforcement, if the learner has a desirable consequence to their behaviour, they are more likely to reproduce this behaviour again/
What are social factors?
Influences on behaviour that comes from the expectation of how we should act with other people in society
What are the 5 types of power?
- Legitimate power
- Coercive power
- Reward power
- Expert power
- Referent power
What are the three steps of the cognitive process?
- Observation of an outward act of behaviour
- Conscious determintation or acknowledgement of the behaviour
- Decide on or ‘attribute’ cause to this observed behaviour
What are the unoffical rules regarding how we ought to act held by society?
- Social responsibility norm, assist those in need our help
- Reciprocity norm, help those who have helped us
- Social justice norm, only help people that deserve it
What is coercive power?
The power given to individuals who have the ability to provide punishments or negative consequences, e.g. the police
What is ambiguity?
Refers to a situation being unclear in terms of who is responsible for helping, if many people are present, it might be ambiguous as to who should step in and help
What is internal/personal attribution?
Judgement of the causes of behaviour as resulting from features of the individual performing the behaviour
What is a collective?
This refers to a large assembly of people who have similar reasons for being at a particular place but are otherwise unaffiliated.
What is a group?
Any collection of two or more people who interact with and influence one another, and who share a common purpose.
5 ways to communicate non-verbally
- Eye contact
- Facial expressions
- Posture/body language
- Gestures
- Space
What is the bystander effect?
The social psychological phenomenon in which when there are other people present, someone is less likely to help.
What is perception?
The mental processes used to help form impressions and make conclusions about the personal characteristics of other people
What are examples of Attribution bias?
- Self serving bias
- Fundamental attribution error
- Actor-observer bias
- Defensive attribution
Example of the tri component model
?
What is attribution?
An evaluation made about the causes of behaviour and the process of making this evaluation
Types of situational factors?
- Physical proximity
- Risk
- Timing
- Presence of others
- Sensory environmental cues.
What are personal factors?
Factors within the individual that determines whether or not they will help.
What is cognitive dissonance?
It is a term to refer to occurrences when either our thoughts, feelings, and’or behaviour don’t align with our overall attititude.
What is audience inhibition?
When people do not act, out of fear of embarrassment, many people are present, it could feel rather humiliation fro the helping if they failed
What is external/situational attribution?
A judgement of the causes of a behaviour as resulting from forces outside the individual performing the behaviour
What is legitimate power?
Power given to individuals due to their status or position over others, e.g. principal, ceo
What is a situational factor?
Factors that can either increase or decrease the likelihood of helping behaviour occurring.
What are examples of personal factors?
- Culture
- Ideology
- Past experience
- Empathy
- Mood
- Ability
- Attributions
What are some examples of internal/personal attributions?
- Psychological state
- Age
- Gender
- Intellect
- Motivation
- Ability
- Desire
- Past behaviour
What is observational learning?
The idea that people can learn through modeling their behaviour on what they have watched in their environment
Where do social factors stem from?
- Biological needs
- Culture
- Communities
- Wider society
What is expert power?
The power given to individuals who have heightened knowledge or skills in a particular field which are valued, e.g. doctors, scientists
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
The assumption that someone else present in the situation will take responsibility for helping
What is an example of external/situational attribution?
When a person falls off their bike we might attribute this behaviour to the ice and slippery road they were travelling on (the environment and cause) which caused them to lose control (the behaviour)
