401 - sleep Flashcards
What does Measuring Psychological responses provide researchers?
The ability to obtain data on bodily changes and responses during various states of consciousness
What does the Electroencephalograph (EEG) do?
Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain in the form of brain waves.
What is amplitude, in terms of brainwaves.
Size of the peaks and troughs from a baseline of zero.
What is frequency, in terms of brainwaves.
The number of brain waves per second.
What does the Electromyograph (EMG) do?
Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles.
How is EMG data obtained?
By attaching electrodes to the skin above the relevant muscles
What does the EMG show?
Changes in muscular activity during stages of consciousness
What does Electro-oculargraph (EOG) do?
Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles that control eye movement.
How is EOG data obtained?
By attaching electrodes to the skin that surrounds the eyes.
What are some limitations to self reports?
It can be subjective, open to forgetfulness, difficult to describe sleep experiences, and the researcher’s interpretation of the diary can be subjective.
How does the SCN regulate the sleep-wake cycle?
External cues (presence or absence of light)
Internal cues (Expression and suppression of particular genes, melatonin or cortisol)
What is the SCN responsible for?
Regulating an individual’s sleep-wake patterns
Where is the SCN found?
Hypothalmus
What is melatonin?
A hormone released by the pineal gland, inducing sleep.
What is a biological rhythum?
Repeated biological processes that are regulated by internal mechanisms
What is the circadian rhythums?
Biological and behavioral changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours
AWAKE
What is the ultradian rhythums?
Biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours
SLEEP
What happens to your sleep patterns as you grow older?
Amount of time sleeping decreases
Time in REM decreases
Time in NREM decreases
Newborn sleep patterns
16-17 hours of sleep
50% REM
Less sleep cycles
3 Months sleep patterns
Regular sleep patterns
NREM stage 1
REM decreases
Sleep cycle 50-60 mins
6 Months
5-8 hours
Full NREM cycle
12 months
14-15 hours
Single episode in the evening
Naps are common
2 years
12-13 hours
25-30% REM
2-5 Years
13-11 hours
20-25% REM
NREM increases
Stages 3 and 4, 50%
10 Years
8-10 hours
20% REM
Adolescence
10-8 hours
REM decreases
Stages 3 and 4 decrease
stage 2 increases
Early Adulthood sleep patterns
8 hours of sleep
REM 20-25%
Late Adulthood sleep patterns
6-7 hours
Approx 33% REM
60+ sleep patterns
5-7 hours
Stage 3 and 4 decrease
Mostly stage 2
90+ sleep patterns
Stage 3 and 4 decrease
Why do babies spend 50% of their total sleep time in REM sleep?
Babies need to help replenish the mental processes they exhaust when leaning information during hte day
