Medchem Exam 2 Diuretics and Diabetes

Question 1

CA inhibitors

Answer 1

proximal tubule

Question 2

Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 2

proximal tubule/descending loop

Question 3

Loop Diuretics

Answer 3

inhibit Na/K/Cl
-thick ascending loop

Question 4

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 4

distal convoluted tube

Question 5

Potassium-sparing Diuretics

Answer 5

collecting duct

Question 6

Double Diabetes

Answer 6

insulin resistance
hyperglycemia
hypoinsulinemia
beta cell death

Question 7

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 7

insulin senstitivity
hyperglycemia
hypoinsulinemia
beta cell death

Question 8

Diabetes Medication Clasess

Answer 8

Insulin Sensitizers:
-metformin
-tzds (glitazones)

Increase insulin secretion:
-sulfonylureas/glinides
-Incretins
-DPP4i (gliptins)

Glucose lowering:
-SGLT2i (glifozins)
-insulin

Question 9

Metformin

Answer 9

Biguanidine

-decrease hepatic glucose production
-increase insulin sensitivity

Question 10

TZDs

Answer 10

Glitazones

-ppary activation
-decrease fatty acid uptake
-increase lipolysis
-increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle
-decrease glucose production

Question 11

Sulfonyureas/glinides

Answer 11

Increase secretion of insulin from beta cells

Question 12

Incretins

Answer 12

GLP-1

-slow gastric emptyin
-decrease release of glucagon
-promotes insulin release

Question 13

DPP4i

Answer 13

gliptins

-prevent inactivation of GLP-1

Question 14

Amylin

Answer 14

secreted by pancreas

-suppresses secretion of glucagon
-decreases hunger
-delays gastric emptying

Question 15

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 15

inhibit enzymes in the GI that convert disaccharides to glucose

Question 16

Diabetes drugs weight gain

Answer 16

sulfonylureas
insulin
tzds

Question 17

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 17

XIIa

Question 18

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 18

VIIa

Question 19

Protein C

Answer 19

inactivates Va and VIIIa

Question 20

Antithrombin

Answer 20

inactivates IXa and Xa

Question 21

Clopidogrel and prasugrel

Answer 21

Anti-platelet

Covalent, irreversible inhibitors of P2Y12 (receptor of ADP)

Question 22

Ticagrelor

Answer 22

Anti-platelet

Reversible, allosteric inhibitor of P2Y12

Question 23

Varapaxar

Answer 23

Anti-platelet

Bind to PAR-1

Question 24

Abciximab

Answer 24

Anti-platelet

Fab that blocks Gbllb/IIIa

Question 25

Warfarin

Answer 25

Anticoagulant

Inhibits VKOR1

Question 26

Dabigatran

Answer 26

Anticoagulant

thrombin inhibitor

Question 27

Rivaraoxaban and Apixaban

Answer 27

Anticoagulant

Inhibit Xa

Question 28

Tenectaplase

Answer 28

recombinant t-PA

Question 29

Streptokinase

Answer 29

activates plasminogen

Question 30

Urokinase

Answer 30

activates plasmin

Question 31

Factors that require Ca

Answer 31

II, VII, IX, X

Question 32

Streptokinase

Answer 32

binds PLG

-not fibrin specific
-antigenic
-half-life: 3mins

Question 33

Alteplase

Answer 33

half-life: 5-6 mins

Question 34

Kringle 1

Answer 34

promotes clearance and binding to fibrin

Question 35

Kringle 2

Answer 35

binds to fibrin and PAI-1

Question 36

Tenectaplase

Answer 36

Residues in Kringle 2 converted to alanine- resistance to PAI-1 and higher fibrin specificity

half life: 25 mins

Question 37

Reteplase

Answer 37

No EGF or Kringle 1

lower hepatic uptake and affinity for fibrin

half-life: 13-15mins

Question 38

Lanoteplase

Answer 38

No Finger of EGF domains
mutation in Kringle 1 removes glycosylation site

Half-life: 15-40mins