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Medical Procedures/Professions Mitchell > Med Timeline > Flashcards

Med Timeline Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits and demons

A

Primitive times

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2
Q

Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies to drive out evil spirits

A

Primitive times

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3
Q

Some herbs and plants from primitive times are still used today. T or F?

A

True

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4
Q

Trepanation

A

Boring a hole in the skull to treat insanity and epilepsy

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5
Q

Earliest known people to keep accurate health records

A

Ancient Egyptians

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6
Q

Physicians were priests

A

Ancient Egyptians

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7
Q

Imhotep

A

May have been the first physician

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8
Q

Egyptians did what if the “channels” in the body were clogged?

A

Bloodletting or leeches were used to “open” them

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9
Q

Carefully monitored pulse to determine condition of body

A

Ancient Chinese

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10
Q

Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body

A

Ancient Chinese

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11
Q

Chinese used acupuncture, for what?

A

To relieve pain and congestion

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12
Q

Moxibustion

A

Placing a powdered substance on skin and burning it to cause a blister to treat disease

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13
Q

Hippocrates was

A

The father of medicine

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14
Q

Aristotle was

A

The founder of comparative anatomy

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15
Q

Used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment

A

Ancient Greeks

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16
Q

Stressed diet and cleanliness as ways to prevent disease

A

Ancient Greeks

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17
Q

First to organize medical care for injured soldiers

A

Ancient Romans

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18
Q

Early hospitals when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes

A

Ancient Romans

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19
Q

Ancient Romans began public health and sanitations by doing what?

A
  • Aqueducts to carry clean water to cities
  • sewers to carry waste away
  • drained marshes to reduce incidence or malaria
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20
Q

Claudius Galen

A

Four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile

Imbalance in humors resulted in illness

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21
Q

Emphasis on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited when?

A

Dark Ages

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22
Q

What was used to treat illness and disease in the Dark Ages?

A

Prayer and divine intervention

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23
Q

A pandemic of what killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia in the Middle Ages?

A

Bubonic Plague

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24
Q

Rhazes

A

known as the Arab Hippocrates

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25
Q

Arabs began requiring that physicians do what?

A

Passing exams and obtaining licenses

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26
Q

Avenzoar

A

Described parasite causing scabies

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27
Q

Rebirth of science and medicine?

A

Renaissance

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28
Q

Artists Michelangelo and Leonard da Vinci used what to better draw the human body?

A

Dissection of humans

29
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

First anatomy book published by him

30
Q

Development of the what allowed knowledge to be spread to other?

A

The printing press

31
Q

Michael Servetus

A

described the circulatory system in the lungs

32
Q

Roger Bacon

A

promoted chemical remedies to treat disease

33
Q

Ambroise Pare

A
  • known as the father of modern surgery

* used ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding

34
Q

Gabriel Fallopius

A
  • Fallopian tubes in females

* Tympanic membrane in ear

35
Q

William Harvey

A

described circulation of blood in 1628

36
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

invented microscope in 1666

37
Q

Bartolomeo Eustachio

A

eustachian tube leading from ear to throat

38
Q

Apothecaries did what and when were they introduced?

A

made, prescribed, and sold medications, introduced in 16th & 17th centuries

39
Q

Gabriel Fahrenheit

A

created the first mercury thermometer in 1714

40
Q

Joseph Priestly

A

discovered the element oxygen in 1774

41
Q

John Hunter the English surgeon did what?

A

•introduced tube feeding in 1778

42
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

invented bifocals

43
Q

First successful Cesarean section was done by who in 1794?

A

Dr. Jesse Bennet

44
Q

James Lind

A

prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795

45
Q

Edward Jenner

A

developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

46
Q

Carl Landsteiner

A

classified the ABO blood groups in 1901

47
Q

Marie Curie

A

isolated radium in 1910

48
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

studies formed the basis for psychology and psychiatry

49
Q

Banting and Best

A

discovered and used insulin to treat diabetes in 1922

50
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming

A

discovered penicillin in 1928

51
Q

Buddy, a German Shepherd became the first what in 1928?

A

the first guide dog for the blind

52
Q

Gerhard Domagk

A

developed sulfa drugs to fight infections

53
Q

Jonas Salk

A

polio vaccine using dead polio virus in 1952

54
Q

Dr. George Papanicolaou

A

pap test to detect cervical cancer in 1941

55
Q

First heart lung machine was used for open heart surgery when?

A

1953

56
Q

Who performed the first successful kidney transplant and when?

A

Joseph Murray and in 1954

57
Q

When was birth control pills approved by the FDA and why was this such a popular medication?

A

1960s & because of Woodstock (sex, drugs, music)

58
Q

Who performed the first successful heart transplant and when?

A

Christian Barnard and in 1967

59
Q

When was the CAT scan developed and what does it stand for?

A

1975 and Computerized axial tomography

60
Q

What is the name of the first “test tube baby” and when were they born?

A

Louise Brown, and in England in 1978

61
Q

AIDs was identified as a disease in 1983. T or F? If not, then when?

A

False. 1981

62
Q

What was the name of the first artificial heart, who transplanted it, and when?

A

Jarvik-7
Dr. William DeVries
1982

63
Q

When was the HIV virus causing AIDs identified?

A

1984

64
Q

What did the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 do?

A
  • agency for health care

* measures of health care quality

65
Q

What did the Patient Self-Determination Act that was passed in 1990 do?

A

•required health care providers to inform patients of their rights

66
Q

A vaccine for what was approved in 1995?

A

Chicken pox

67
Q

President Clinton signed what in 1996 and what did it do?

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and it protects patient privacy and makes it easier to get and keep health insurance

68
Q

A what was cloned in 1997?

A

A sheep named Dolly

Medical Procedures/Professions Mitchell (13 decks)

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