15.1 and 15.2 Infection Control

Question 1

What is a microorganism?

Answer 1

Small living things
Microscopes must be used
Found everywhere

Question 2

What is normal flora? How can it be bad?

Answer 2

Normal to the body and helps out with processes.

When they get out of the environment they are supposed to be in, they can become bad.

Question 3

What are three things microorganisms need to survive?

Answer 3

Warm, dark, and moist places

Question 4

What is the difference between anaerobes and aerobes?

Answer 4

Anaerobes do not need oxygen to survive but aerobes do.

Question 5

What is bacteria?

Answer 5

Simple one-celled organisms.
Multiply randomly.
Classified by shape and arrangement.

Question 6

What is protozoa?

Answer 6

One-celled animal-like organisms.
Found in decayed materials and contaminated water.
Some are pathogens

Question 7

What is fungi?

Answer 7

Simple plant-like organisms
Live on dead organic matter.
Yeast and molds
Antibiotics do not work (need anti-fungal meds)

Question 8

What are viruses?

Answer 8

Smallest microorganisms
Must be inside another living cell to survive
Spread by body secretions
Very difficult to kill

Question 9

What is Rickettsiae?

Answer 9

Parasitic microorganisms
Cannot live outside cells of another living thing
Transmitted through insect bites
Antibiotics are effective

Question 10

What shape are Cocci bacteria?

Answer 10

Single balls

Question 11

What shape are Diplococci?

Answer 11

Two balls stuck together

Question 12

What does Strep look like?

Answer 12

A chain of cocci

Question 13

What does Staph look like?

Answer 13

A cluster of cocci

Question 14

What does Spirilla look like?

Answer 14

Spirals

Question 15

Give the chain of infection?

Answer 15

Causative Agent- what causes illness (pathogens), ex. bacteria or virus

Resevoir- Place where causative agent can live, ex. animals, humans, environment, non-sterile equipment

Portal of Exit- Way for causative agent to escape from resevoir, ex. urine, feces, blood, saliva, tears, draining wounds

Mode of transmission- must be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live, ex. direct person to person, sexual contact, indirect contaminated subs to person

Portal of entry- Way to enter host or reservoir, ex. breaks in skin, digestive tract, circulatory tracts

Susceptible host- Individual who can contract the disease, usually the person can fight it off and not contract the disease

Question 16

How do pathogens cause disease?

Answer 16

Toxins, allergic reactions, attacking and destroying tissue

Question 17

What is an endogenous disease?

Answer 17

Originates from inside the body.

Question 18

What is an exogenous disease?

Answer 18

Originating from outside the body.

Question 19

What is a nosocomial disease?

Answer 19

Transmitted from within a hospital.

Question 20

What is an opportunistic disease?

Answer 20

If it has the opportunity to affect you, it will.

Question 21

Asepsis

Answer 21

Absence of disease producing microorganisms or pathogens

Question 22

Sterile

Answer 22

Any object or area that contains no pathogens or microorganisms

Question 23

Contaminated

Answer 23

Any object or area that does or could contain pathogens

Question 24

What are the levels of the aseptic technique?

Answer 24

Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization

Question 25

Antisepsis

Answer 25

Prevent the growth of pathogens

Question 26

Disinfection

Answer 26

Destroys or kills pathogens

Question 27

Sterilization

Answer 27

Destroys all pathogens and microorganisms