Med-Surg: Musculoskeletal/1 Flashcards
arthroscopy
visualizes internal structs of shoulder or knee joints.
visualizes internal structs of shoulder or knee joints
arthroscopy
arthroscopy - cannot be done if
infection is present
arthroscopy - pt must be able to bend joint at least
40 degrees
arthroscopy post op
apply ice and elevate 24 hours post
bone scan
radioactive medium is injected for viewing entire skeleton, primary to detect tumors, arthritis, osteomylitis, osteoporosis, and more
bone scan - when to administer isotopes
4-6 prior to testing
bone scan instructions
2
- lie still 30-60 mins while being performed
2. increase fluids post
dexa scan
most common screening tool for measuring bone mineral density for dx osteopenia and osteoporosis
most common screening tool for measuring bone mineral density for dx osteopenia and osteoporosis
dexa scan
dexa scan is the baseline for
women in their 40s
dexa scan instructions
3
- wear loose fitting clothes without sippers or metal
- must remove jewelry
- stop vitamin D and calcium 48 hours prior
EMG and nerve conduction studies
used to evaluate muscle weakness by emission of low freq electrical stimulation
EMG instructions
2
- client will perform activities for measurement of muscle activity
- observe needle site for hematoma
MRI is contraindicated in pts with
3
- pacemaker
- stents
- surgical clips
MRI and titanium joints
okay to have MRI
MRI intra op
lay supine 45-60 mins
musculoskeletal common labs
7
- serum calcium
- serum phosphorus
- alkaline phosphatase
- creatine kinase
- lactic dehydrogenase
- asparatate aminotransferase
- aldolase
osteoarthritis
progressive degenerative deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints
progressive degenerative deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints
osteoarthritis
OA cont. factors
6
- aging
- female
- metabolic disease
- obesity
- repetitive use or abuse of joints
- smoking
OA manif.
8
- chronic joint pain and stiffness
- pain diminished after rest or worse at activity
- creptius (grating sound or sensation)
- limited movement
- Heberden’s nodes (closest to end of fingers and toes)
- Bouchard’s nodes (middle joint)
- excess joint fluid
- skeletal muscle atrophy
heberden’s node is to
OA - nodes at end of fingers and toes
Bouchard’s node is to
OA - nodes at middle joints
OA dx procedures
3
- x ray
- MRI
- ESR and CRP - elevated
OA NI
5
- use ice or heat
- ROM and isometric exercises
- rest and sleep
- PT
- assistive devices
RA
chronic, progressive autoimmune CT disorder primarily affecting synovial joints
chronic, progressive autoimmune CT disorder primarily affecting synovial joints
RA
RA CFs
4
- physical and emotional stress
- female
- young to middle age
- family hx
RA manif.
8
- morning stiffness
- pain at rest or after immobility
- bilateral joint inflammation
- decreased ROM
- joint deformity - late stage
- warmth, redness, edema
- dry eyes and mouth - Sjogren’s syndrome
- numbness, burning, tingling in hands/feets
OA or RA - morning stiffness
RA
OA or RA - pain reduced after rest
OA
bilateral joint inflammation
RA
Sjogren’s syndrome
RA - dry mouth and eyes
RA dx. procedures
7
- x ray
- MRI
- rheumatoid factor
- synovial fluid analysis
- antinuclear antibody test
- ESR
- CRP
RA - DMARDs rx
3
- methotrexate
- leflunomide
- hydroxychloroquine
RA - tx for severe, life threatening exacerbation
plasmapheresis
