Med-Surg: Endocrine/1 Flashcards
anterior pit gland secretes these hormones
7
- ACTH
- FSH
- LH
- gonadotropic hormones
- prolactin
- GH
- TSH
posterior pit gland secretes
2
ADH/vasopressin
oxytocin
DI
def of ADH
DI manif.
10
- low urine specific gravity/diluted
- decrease urine osmolality
- hypernatremia (serum)
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- dehydration
- weight loss
- muscle weakness
- dry skin
- hemoconcentration
DI dx test
4
- water fluid deprivation test
- vasopressin test
- MRI
- 24 hour urine
DI meds
2
- desmopressin acetate
2. vasopressin - lifelong
SIADH
excessive release of ADH resulting in the inability to excrete appropriate amount of urine
SIADH mani
8
- increased urine specific gravity - concentrated
- hyponatremia
- decreased serum osmolality - diluted
- mental confusion, irritability
- lethargy
- seizures
- increased ADH/vasopressin levels
- weight gain
SIADH NIs
3
- restrict fluid intake to 500 ml - 1000 ml/day
- monitor for increased BP, tachycardia, hypothermia
- monitor mental status
SIADH meds
4
- hypertonic saline - 3-5%
- loop diuretics
- demeclocycline
- vasopressin receptor antagonists - conivaptan
demeclocycline is to
med for SIADH
conivaptan is to
med for SIADH - vasopressin receptor antagonist
adrenal cortex procudes
glucocorticoids - cortisol
mineralcorticoids - aldosterone
sex hormones
adrenal medulla produces
catecholamines epi and norepi
addison’s disease aka
adrenal insufficiency
addison’s disease/adrenal insuff.
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, caused by autoimmune disease, TB, or more
memory hint: with Addison’s disease, you need to?
ADD cortisol
addison’s disease manifes.
10
- weakness
- fatigue
- NV
- hyperpigmentation
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- hypoglycemic
- hyponatremic
- hyperkalemic
- hypercalcemic
addisonian crisis aka
adrenal crisis
addisonian crisis/adrenal crisis s/s
4
characterized by signs of shock:
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- pallor
addison’s disease meds
3
- hydrocortisone
- prednisone
- cortisone
addison’s disease diet
high protein high carb
cushings manif.
11
- upper body obesity and thin extremities
- moon face
- buffalo hump
- skin fragility with purple striae
- osteoporosis
- hyperglycemic
- hypernat
- hypokalemic
- hypocalemic
- hirsutism
- amenorrhea
cushings diet
5
high in protein high in calcium low in carbs low in sodium K supplements
hyperaldosteronism aka
conn’s disease
hyperaldosteronism/conn’s
hypersecretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex, usually due to tumor, clinical manifestations of cushing’s
conn’s disease NIs
4
- quiet environment
- check BP and cardiac
- monitor K and prepare for replacement
- IOs
conn’s meds
2
- antihypertensive - spironolactone
2. eplerenone - blocks aldosterone
pheochromocytoma
usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes hypersecretion of epi and norepi
usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes hypersecretion of epi and norepi
pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytoma manif. - 5 H’s
- HTN
- headache
- hyperhidrosis
- hypermetabolism
- hyperglycemia
pheochromocytoma meds prior surgery
alpha (phentolamine) and beta blockers to diminish the effect of norep prior to surgery
pheochromocytoma meds
3
- alpha and beta blockers
- sodium nitroprusside
- CCB - nifedipine
