Med-Surg: Fluid & Electrolytes/1

Question 1

2/3 of body fluid is where

Answer 1

ICF

Question 2

1/3 of body fluid is where

Answer 2

ECF

Question 3

1 kg/2.2 lb of body weight = ? L of fluid

Answer 3

one L of fluid

Question 4

FVD most common type is

Answer 4

isotonic dehydration

Question 5

FVD contributing factors

7

Answer 5

1. excess GI or renal loss
2. diaphoresis
3. fever
4. long-term NPO
5. hemorrhage
6. burns
7. age

Question 6

FVD pulse

Answer 6

thready

Question 7

FVD cap refill

Answer 7

< 3 s

Question 8

FVD CNS manifestations include

3

Answer 8

1. weakness
2. fatigue
3. OH

Question 9

FVD late signs

3

Answer 9

1. oliguria
2. decreased CVP
3. flattened neck veins

Question 10

FVD - monitor skin turgor how in older adults

Answer 10

check skin over sternum or forehead

Question 11

FVD - output should be at least what

Answer 11

0.5 ml/kg/hr

Question 12

isotonic solutions

3

Answer 12

1. NS 0.9%
2. LR
3. 5% dextrose in water D5W

Question 13

hypotonic solutions

2

Answer 13

1. 0.45 NS

2. 2.5% dextrose in NS

Question 14

FVE contributing factors

4

Answer 14

1. kidney failure - late phase
2. HF
3. cirrhosis
4. long term corticosteroid use

Question 15

FVE - central venous pressure

Answer 15

increased

Question 16

medications that can cause hypokalemia

4

Answer 16

1. steroids
2. diuretics
3. digitalis
4. laxatives

Question 17

hypokalemia caused by body fluid loss includes

4

Answer 17

1. vomiting
2. diarrhea
3. wound drainage
4. NG suction

Question 18

hypokalemia caused by

4

Answer 18

1. excessive diaphoresis
2. kidney disease
3. dietary def
4. alkalosis

Question 19

hypokalemia manifestations

7

Answer 19

1. muscle weakness
2. cramping
3. NV
4. irritability
5. confusion
6. decreased bowel motility
7. paresthesia

Question 20

hyper or hypokalemia - muscle weakness

Answer 20

hypo

Question 21

hyper or hypokalemia - fatigue

Answer 21

hypo

Question 22

hyper or hypokalemia - NV

Answer 22

hypo

Question 23

hyper or hypokalemia - decreased bowel motility

Answer 23

hypo

Question 24

hyper or hypokalemia - increased bowel motility

Answer 24

hyper

Question 25

hyper or hypokalemia - muscle twitching

Answer 25

hyper

Question 26

hypokalemia EKG

Answer 26

flat and/or inverted T waves

Question 27

No P = No K - what does this mean

Answer 27

if the client is not urinating, do not administer potassium

Question 28

hyperkalemia risk factors

5

Answer 28

1. renal failure
2. adrenal insufficiency
3. acidosis
4. meds - potassium sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors

Question 29

ACE inhibitors and K

Answer 29

ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia - ACE inhibitors decrease aldosterone and aldosterone helps excrete K

Question 30

hyperkalemia manifestations

5

Answer 30

1. peaked t waves
2. ventricular dysrhythmias
3. muscle twitching and paresthesia (early)
4. ascending muscle weakness (late)
5. increase bowel motility

Question 31

peaked t-waves

Answer 31

hyperkalemia

Question 32

hyperkalemia med tx includes

5

Answer 32

1. kayexalate (monitor bowel sounds)
2. 50% glucose with insulin
3. calcium gluconate
4. bicarbonate
5. loop diuretics

Question 33

hyponatremia risk factors

6

Answer 33

1. GI loss
2. SIADH
3. adrenal insuff.
4. NPO status
5. water intoxication
6. excessive diaphoresis

Question 34

normal PCO2

Answer 34

35-45

Question 35

normal HCO3

Answer 35

21-28

Question 36

metabolic acidosis risk factors

6

Answer 36

1. diarrhea
2. fever
3. hypoxia
4. starvation
5. DKA
6. dehydration