MED SURG II: RENAL + NEURO

Question 1

Patchy destruction of tubular epithelium of the kidney caused by ischemia, nephrotoxins, or sepsis

Answer 1

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Question 2

Accumlation of urea nitrogen & creatinine (nitrogenous wastes) in the blood

Answer 2

Azotemia

Question 3

Reduction in UOP to less than 400mL/day

Answer 3

Oliguria

Question 4

NO urine, less than 100mL/day

Answer 4

Anuria

Question 5

Production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

Answer 5

Polyuria

Question 6

Clinical syndrome associated with fluid, electrolyte, hormone imbalances & metabolic abnormalities all caused by the kidneys

Answer 6

Uremia

Question 7

Rapid loss of renal function
Possibly reversible
Ranges from slight deterioration in kidney function to complete impairment
Oliguria

Answer 7

Acute Renal Failure/ Acute Renal Injury

Question 8

How is ARF diagnosed?

Answer 8

Sudden decrease in UOP (<400mL)
Sudden increase in Creatinine
Either or both

Question 9

Pre Renal, Intra Renal, or Post Renal:
Hypovolemia
Decreased CO
Decreased PVR

Answer 9

Pre Renal

Question 10

Pre Renal, Intra Renal, Post Renal: 
Prolonged pre-renal ischemia
Severe Shock
Damage from Nephrotoxic Drugs
Antibiotics 
Benzos 
Loop diuretics
Statins
ACE Inhibitors
ARBs
Tylenol and NSAIDS
Weakend or Hardened Blood Vessels
Infections
ATN
Lupus

Answer 10

Intra Renal

Question 11

Pre-Renal, Intra-Renal, Post-Renal: 
Tumors
Strictures
Stones
BPH

Answer 11

Post-Renal

Question 12

Pre-Renal

Answer 12

Reduced blood flow to the kidneys

Question 13

Intra-Renal

Answer 13

Direct damage to renal tissue

Question 14

Post-Renal

Answer 14

Obstruction of urinary outflow

Question 15

Decreased UOP
Renal function decreases
Fluid retention
Hypo or Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Decreased H/H
Increased BUN and Creat

Answer 15

1st phase of ARF: Oliguric