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Core II > Med neuro exam 2 lect > Flashcards

Med neuro exam 2 lect Flashcards

1
Q

pontine reticulospinal tract

A

PRST
excites extensors
p plus

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2
Q

medullary reticulospinal tract

A

MRST
inhibits extensors
M minus

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3
Q

Central tegmental tract

A

consciousness

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4
Q

medial forebrain bundle

A

pleasure pathway

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5
Q

cholinergic

A

nucleus basalis of meynertt

septal nuclei

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6
Q

inactivation of monamines

A

monoamine oxidase

reuptake

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7
Q

noradrenergic neurons

A

mood, memory, hormones
lateral tegmental group
locus coeruleus

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8
Q

dopaminergic neurons

A

nigrostriatal path
mesocorticolimbic path
tuberoinfundibular path

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9
Q

serotonin

A

made in raphe nuclei

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10
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

lesion btwn rostral red nucleas and mid pons

upper and lower limbs extedned spasticiity

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11
Q

decorticate postureing

A

diencephalon
upper limb flexion (red nucleus intact)
lower limb extension

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12
Q

midpontine RF

A

turns on exctitatory neurons

promotes wakefulness

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13
Q

RF in caudal pons

A

turns off excitation from mid ponitne

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14
Q

posterior hypo

A

hypersomnia

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15
Q

anterioro hypo

A

hyposomnia

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16
Q

sleep cycle

A

awake
SS1,2,3,4
Rem

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17
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement

paradoxical sleep because loud wont wake u but whispered name will

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18
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

regulates circadian rythm

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19
Q

acetylcholine

A

wakefullnesss and rem sleep
basal forbrain
laterodorsal and pedunculo pontine tegmental nuclei

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20
Q

norephinephrine

A

locus coeruleus
fight or flight
wakefulness

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21
Q

histamine

A

tuberomammilary nucleus of posterior hypothalamus

wakefulness

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22
Q

serotonin 5-HT

A

raphe nuclei

wakefulness

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23
Q

dopamine

A

substantia nigra

wakefulness

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24
Q

orexin hypocretein

OX

A

lateral hypothalamus
wakefulness
flip flop system for sleep wake transitions

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25
Q

Ventrolateral preoptic area

A

GABAergic neurons that suppress wakefullnes neuromodulators

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26
Q

GABA and glycine

REM

A

during REM they inhibit a lot and eliminate muscle tone

27
Q

ACetylcholine in REM

A

only thing not turned off in REM

from basal forebrain and pons to cortex

28
Q

flip flop system

A

Orexin turnes on awake stuff which turns off asleep stuff
asleep stuff turns off both the others
imagine a scale when one gets too high it swaps

29
Q

sublaterodorsal nucleus

ventral part of the periaqueductal gray in the lateral ponting tegmentum and chollinergic nuclei

A

pontine circuit of REM sleep

30
Q

insomnia and narcolepsy

A

unstable flip flop switch

31
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

stuck between non rem and wake stage

32
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight
info from throaci and lumbar cord
ganglia close to spinal cord

33
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest digest
info from brainstem and sacral cord
close to organs

34
Q

reflexes ans vs sns

A

hypothalamus vs somatosensory and motor cortex

35
Q

RVLM

A

rostral ventrolateral medulla
glutamate gaba epinephrine
supraspinal vasomotor pathway thru dorsolateral funiculus

36
Q

spinal shock

A

acut sci
transient
abesnt of voluntary and reflex below injury

37
Q

neurogenic shock

A

30min to 6 weeks
hypotension
bradycardia
poikilothermia

38
Q

injurey below T6

A

maintain blood pressure

39
Q

injury above T6

A

lose control of BP and heart rate

40
Q

orthostatic hypotenison

A

drop in blood pressure with 90degree head up tilt
acute: loss of vasomotor tone
chronic” reduced sympathetic activity

41
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

sudden episod high blood pressure
baroreflex mediated bradycardia
T6 or higher
lose inhibitive cortical input responding to sympathtetic response from full bladder

42
Q

spinal plasticity response to cardiovascular abnormality

A

CGRP+ cfiber afferents density increases
Nerve growth factor
propriospinal sprouting

43
Q

gabapentin

A

decreases presynaptic glutamate release

suppresses muscular spasticity and neuropathic pain

44
Q

lower urinary tract

A

external urethral spicnter has somatic nerves

othersr are autonomic

45
Q

supraspinal mictuition

A

barringtons nucleus
periaqueductal gray
nucleus tractus solitarri

46
Q

micturition pathways

A

spinal reflexes for storage

spinobulbospinal relexes for voiding

47
Q

detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

A

loss of recipercot relationship

48
Q

molecular changes after sci

A

NGF up
primary c fiber afferent sprouting up
GDNF BDNF and NT3 up

49
Q

treatments

A

E stim of pudendal nerve

PNGs

50
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

51
Q

medial geniculate nucleus

52
Q

Ventral posterior laterall nucleus VPL

53
Q

VPM

54
Q

ventral posterior inferior nucleus VPI

A

vestibular info

55
Q

right visual field

A

left side of brain

56
Q

after chiasm

A

defecits in contra visual field

effects both eyes

57
Q

damage in one retina

A

scotoma monocuolar

that specific visual filed affected

58
Q

lesion of opitc nerve

A

loss from one eye visual field

59
Q

leaseon of optic chiasm

A

nasal retina cross
temporal dont
hemianopia bitemporal
so temporal visual field loss cuz nasal retina lost?

60
Q

lesion of optic tract or lateral geniculate

A

contralateral visual

61
Q

superior bank

A

inferior visual field

62
Q

pupillary light refelx

A

each pretectal nuclei gets input from both sides and sends to both edingerwestphal and goes to constrict

63
Q

blind in right eye pupilary reflix

A

right eye nothing
left eye response in both sides
if only one eye responds then motor pathway is damaged

Core II (11 decks)

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