Mechawar - ELA and neuroplasticity Flashcards
What is the role of GABA PV neurons regarding critical periods?
Closing period by shifting E/I balance towards inhibition
What is diffuse tensor imaging used for?
Assessing integrity of white matter tracts
How can the different cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage be identified?
Expression markers
What can high spontaneous firing indicate in terms of myelination integrity?
Temporal dispersion of signal due to impaired myelination
Can activity-specific stimuli change myelination structure after critical periods?
Yes
What effect does institutionalization in early life tend to have on white matter volume?
Decrease
True or false: the blunted growth of white matter in institutionalized children cannot be reversed.
False: e.g. possible with foster care.
The structural connectivity of which region has shown to be strongly affected in young adults exposed to ELA? What is a proposed mechanism?
ACC (decreased connectivity)
Epigenetics
Which genes tend to be downregulated by child abuse?
Myelin-related genes
Which protein has been found to be decreased in depressed suicides with history of child abuse?
ITGB1
How can a loss of expression of integrin subunits explain myelination impairment?
Disruption of cell-cell interactions = loss of function of oligodendrocytes
What is the cellular phenotype of ITGB1 deletion?
Decreased myelin thickness
How does CA-mediated downregulation of myelin-related genes compared across regions?
Region specific:
significant in ACC but not so much in amygdala
Myelin dysregulation is specific to which type of suicide? What does it reveal about its association with psychopathology?
Abused suicides
Not associated with psychpathology (depression at least) = truly a mediator for abused individuals
What does allow ultrastructural analysis of myelin by CARS in the ACC?
Assessment of different structural properties:
- Axon diameter
- Myelin thickness
- gRation: d/D
