Mechanisms of Antibiotics Flashcards
What are the five mechanisms of antibiotics?
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - most common
- Inhibition of protein synthesis - 2nd most common
- alteration of cell membranes
- inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
- antimetabolite activity
Which antibiotics cause inhibition of cell wall synthesis? (5)
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- monobactrams
- carbapenems
- Glycopeptides
Which antibiotics cause inhibition of protein synthesis? (4)
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Aminoglycosides
- phenicols
Which antibiotics cause inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis? (1)
Fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotics cause folate pathway inhibition? (1)
Sulfomaides/trimethoprim
Which antibiotics are bactericidal? (5)
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Glycopeptides
- fluorquinolones
- aminoglycosides
Which antibiotics are bacteristatic (2)
- Macrolides
2. Tetracyclines
Which antibiotics are bacterostatic on their own but when combined are bacteriocidal?
Sulfomaides/trimethoprim
What is the beta-lactam antibiotic mechanism?
It acts as a D-Ala-D-Ala analog and prevents crosslinking in cell wall synthesis
What are the four main classes of beta-lactam antibiotics?
- Penicillin
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
- Monobactams
is vancomycin active against gram - or gram +
ONLY active against gram +
how does vancomycin work?
inhibit cell wall formation
(type of glycopeptide)
bacteriocidal
how does fosfomycin work?
inhibit cell wall formation
what is emperic therapy?
application of knowledge of the organisms most likely to cause infection given a clinical situation and its most likely susceptibility to an antibiotic
what enzyme does antibiotics working against cell wall synthesis bind to?
transpeptidase