Mechanisms of Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five mechanisms of antibiotics?

A
  1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - most common
  2. Inhibition of protein synthesis - 2nd most common
  3. alteration of cell membranes
  4. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
  5. antimetabolite activity
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2
Q

Which antibiotics cause inhibition of cell wall synthesis? (5)

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporin
  3. monobactrams
  4. carbapenems
  5. Glycopeptides
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3
Q

Which antibiotics cause inhibition of protein synthesis? (4)

A
  1. Macrolides
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Aminoglycosides
  4. phenicols
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4
Q

Which antibiotics cause inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis? (1)

A

Fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

Which antibiotics cause folate pathway inhibition? (1)

A

Sulfomaides/trimethoprim

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6
Q

Which antibiotics are bactericidal? (5)

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporin
  3. Glycopeptides
  4. fluorquinolones
  5. aminoglycosides
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7
Q

Which antibiotics are bacteristatic (2)

A
  1. Macrolides

2. Tetracyclines

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8
Q

Which antibiotics are bacterostatic on their own but when combined are bacteriocidal?

A

Sulfomaides/trimethoprim

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9
Q

What is the beta-lactam antibiotic mechanism?

A

It acts as a D-Ala-D-Ala analog and prevents crosslinking in cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

What are the four main classes of beta-lactam antibiotics?

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. cephalosporins
  3. carbapenems
  4. Monobactams
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11
Q

is vancomycin active against gram - or gram +

A

ONLY active against gram +

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12
Q

how does vancomycin work?

A

inhibit cell wall formation
(type of glycopeptide)
bacteriocidal

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13
Q

how does fosfomycin work?

A

inhibit cell wall formation

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14
Q

what is emperic therapy?

A

application of knowledge of the organisms most likely to cause infection given a clinical situation and its most likely susceptibility to an antibiotic

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15
Q

what enzyme does antibiotics working against cell wall synthesis bind to?

A

transpeptidase

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16
Q

What kind of antibiotic is aztreonam?

A

Monobactam - Beta lactam

17
Q

What kind of antibiotic is Vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide - Cell wall inhitbitor

18
Q

What would you use to treat an intracellular infection?

A

Derivative of tetracycline

19
Q

What is the reason why aminoglycoside use needs to be monitored in a patient?

A

It can damage kidneys or cause hearing loss

20
Q

What type of antibiotic is erythromycin or azythromycin (Z pack)?

A

Macrolid - inhibitor of protein synthesis

21
Q

Which antibiotic would you use for an ESBL producer?

A

Carbapenam

22
Q

Do humans synthesisze folic acid?

A

No - this is why it is a good drug target for sulfonamides, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

23
Q

What type of antibiotic is ciproflaxin?

A

A fluorquinolone - inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis

24
Q

What type of antibiotic is rifampin?

A

Inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis
Used in combo to treat
TB
MRSA

25
Q

What level of the MIC do you want to treat an infection with?

A

Four times the amount

26
Q

How long does it take for resistance to develop ?

A

72 hours