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micobiology/immuno Section 3 > Fungi 2 > Flashcards

Fungi 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes superficial mycoses?

A

-fungal growth on the superficial skin layer

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2
Q

Are superficial mycoses thermal dimorphics?

A

NO0O

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3
Q

What is the most common, and most minor mycoses?

A

Superficial mycoses

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4
Q

What type of superficial mycoses infect only superficial keratinized structures?

A

Dermatophytosis

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5
Q

What do dermatophytosises produce?

A

Keratinases.. Allows evasion of cornfield cell layer

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6
Q

If a patient is infected with dermatophytosis, what are the symptoms called?

A

Tinea

  • Tinea capitis - head
  • tinea corporis - body
  • tinea curis - jock itch
  • tinea pedis - athletes foot
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7
Q

How are superficial mycoses treated?

A

Need to treat all affected body sites simultaneously

-oral griseofulvin, topical azoles

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8
Q

How is dermatophytosis transmitted?

A

-Fomites or autoinnoculation

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9
Q

How would you diagnose a dermatophytosis infection?

A

-KOH mount and culture

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10
Q

How would a patient become infected with a subcutaneous mycoses?

A

-introduced by trauma exposing subcutaneous tissue to soil or vegation

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11
Q

Do subcutaneous mycoses spread?

A

Yes - they spread from trauma site toward trunk by lymphatics

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12
Q

Are subcutaneous mycoses thermal dimorphic?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is a major factor in taking the history of someone you suspect of having a subcutaneous mycoses?

A

They’re infection was ineffectively treated with antibitoics (bacitracin)

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14
Q

How would you treat a subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Oral azoles, and in more serious cases - amphotericin B and local surgery

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15
Q

What type of infection is sporotrichosis?

A

A subcutaneous mycoses caused by sporothrix species

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16
Q

How is sporotrichosis transmitted?

A

-Dimorphic fungi of vegetation that enters skin through small injuries - splinters, ROSE thorns

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17
Q

What would a sporotrichosis infection appear as?

A

A painless ulcer at site which spreads up lymphatics over years

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18
Q

If a COPD patient is infected with sportrichosis, what would be a complication of their infection?

A

-Pulmonary disease

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19
Q

If a immunosuppressed patient is infected with sportrichosis, what would be a complication of their infection?

A

Disseminated, meningitis

20
Q

How would you diagnose a sporotrichosis infection?

A

Biopsy and culture at room temperature from pus

21
Q

what are systemic mycoses found?

A

spores/fungi in soil

22
Q

do systemic mycoses exhibit thermal dimorphism?

A

yes!

23
Q

can systemic mycoses be transmitted person to person?

A

NO

24
Q

how can you tell systemic mycoses from TB?

A

patient hx.
hx of working around dirt/construction
TB will be associated with travel to other countries

25
Q

what is an example of systemic mycoses?

A

coccidioides

26
Q

where is coccidioides endemic to?

A

south west US

27
Q

describe the symptoms of mild coccidioides infection

A

asymptomatic or flu like

clearance usually by innate immune system or clearance by CMI

28
Q

describe the symptoms of moderate coccidioides

A

valley fever/ desert rheumatism: pulmonary and erytromatic nodules

29
Q

describe the symptoms of severe coccidioides

A

pneumonia or dissemination (either bare or in macrophages)

30
Q

what are the risk factors for coccidioides

A

age, rage, preganancy, immunocompromised, occupational high exposure

31
Q

list the way to diagnose coccidioides

A 
by exam
hx
PPD
biopsy of spherules
culture
serology for dissemination
32
Q

how do you treat coccidioides if person is predisposed to complications?

A

oral azoles

33
Q

how do you treat coccidioides if person is predisposed to meningitis?

A

fluconazole

34
Q

how do you treat coccidioides if person is pregnant or disseminated?

A

amp B

35
Q

what is crytococcosis?

A

an envrinmental opportunistic mycoses that represses a host’s inflammatory response

36
Q

how can crytococcosis present?

A

with meningitis, skin nodules or pulmonary symptoms

37
Q

how do you diagnose crytococcosis?

A

by biopsy, CSF, crag

38
Q

how do you treat crytococcosis infections?

A

combination of azoles and amp B

39
Q

Out of the 4 mycoses which exhibit dimorphism? Which exhibit thermal dimorphism

A

Opportunistic mycoses exhibit dimorphism
Systemic and subcutaneous exhibit thermal dimorphism

Note: superficial mycoses does NOT exhibit thermal dimorphism

40
Q

What fungi is in the normal flora and can be spread human to human ?

A

C. Albicans

41
Q

What fungi can cause granulomas ( seen in major systemic fungi Infections)

A

Coccidiomycosis- systemic fungi infection
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis

42
Q

What can you see when you grow fungi on a sabourad culture?

A

Mycelium (mat formation)

43
Q

What type of drug is amp B

A

Polyene

44
Q

What types of drugs are griseofulvin and flucytosine?

A

Azores

45
Q

If you inhale sporotrichosis what can it cause

A

Meningitis if person is immuno suppressed

micobiology/immuno Section 3 (12 decks)

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