Fungi 2 Flashcards
What causes superficial mycoses?
-fungal growth on the superficial skin layer
Are superficial mycoses thermal dimorphics?
NO0O
What is the most common, and most minor mycoses?
Superficial mycoses
What type of superficial mycoses infect only superficial keratinized structures?
Dermatophytosis
What do dermatophytosises produce?
Keratinases.. Allows evasion of cornfield cell layer
If a patient is infected with dermatophytosis, what are the symptoms called?
Tinea
- Tinea capitis - head
- tinea corporis - body
- tinea curis - jock itch
- tinea pedis - athletes foot
How are superficial mycoses treated?
Need to treat all affected body sites simultaneously
-oral griseofulvin, topical azoles
How is dermatophytosis transmitted?
-Fomites or autoinnoculation
How would you diagnose a dermatophytosis infection?
-KOH mount and culture
How would a patient become infected with a subcutaneous mycoses?
-introduced by trauma exposing subcutaneous tissue to soil or vegation
Do subcutaneous mycoses spread?
Yes - they spread from trauma site toward trunk by lymphatics
Are subcutaneous mycoses thermal dimorphic?
Yes
What is a major factor in taking the history of someone you suspect of having a subcutaneous mycoses?
They’re infection was ineffectively treated with antibitoics (bacitracin)
How would you treat a subcutaneous mycoses?
Oral azoles, and in more serious cases - amphotericin B and local surgery
What type of infection is sporotrichosis?
A subcutaneous mycoses caused by sporothrix species
How is sporotrichosis transmitted?
-Dimorphic fungi of vegetation that enters skin through small injuries - splinters, ROSE thorns
What would a sporotrichosis infection appear as?
A painless ulcer at site which spreads up lymphatics over years
If a COPD patient is infected with sportrichosis, what would be a complication of their infection?
-Pulmonary disease
If a immunosuppressed patient is infected with sportrichosis, what would be a complication of their infection?
Disseminated, meningitis
How would you diagnose a sporotrichosis infection?
Biopsy and culture at room temperature from pus
what are systemic mycoses found?
spores/fungi in soil
do systemic mycoses exhibit thermal dimorphism?
yes!
can systemic mycoses be transmitted person to person?
NO
how can you tell systemic mycoses from TB?
patient hx.
hx of working around dirt/construction
TB will be associated with travel to other countries
what is an example of systemic mycoses?
coccidioides
where is coccidioides endemic to?
south west US
describe the symptoms of mild coccidioides infection
asymptomatic or flu like
clearance usually by innate immune system or clearance by CMI
describe the symptoms of moderate coccidioides
valley fever/ desert rheumatism: pulmonary and erytromatic nodules
describe the symptoms of severe coccidioides
pneumonia or dissemination (either bare or in macrophages)
what are the risk factors for coccidioides
age, rage, preganancy, immunocompromised, occupational high exposure
list the way to diagnose coccidioides
by exam hx PPD biopsy of spherules culture serology for dissemination
how do you treat coccidioides if person is predisposed to complications?
oral azoles
how do you treat coccidioides if person is predisposed to meningitis?
fluconazole
how do you treat coccidioides if person is pregnant or disseminated?
amp B
what is crytococcosis?
an envrinmental opportunistic mycoses that represses a host’s inflammatory response
how can crytococcosis present?
with meningitis, skin nodules or pulmonary symptoms
how do you diagnose crytococcosis?
by biopsy, CSF, crag
how do you treat crytococcosis infections?
combination of azoles and amp B
Out of the 4 mycoses which exhibit dimorphism? Which exhibit thermal dimorphism
Opportunistic mycoses exhibit dimorphism
Systemic and subcutaneous exhibit thermal dimorphism
Note: superficial mycoses does NOT exhibit thermal dimorphism
What fungi is in the normal flora and can be spread human to human ?
C. Albicans
What fungi can cause granulomas ( seen in major systemic fungi Infections)
Coccidiomycosis- systemic fungi infection
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
What can you see when you grow fungi on a sabourad culture?
Mycelium (mat formation)
What type of drug is amp B
Polyene
What types of drugs are griseofulvin and flucytosine?
Azores
If you inhale sporotrichosis what can it cause
Meningitis if person is immuno suppressed
