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MATERNAL > MECHANISMS > Flashcards

MECHANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

A series of processes by which the product of
conception is expelled from the maternal body

A

Labor

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2
Q

Progesterone (uterine muscle relaxant) decreases in late pregnancy

With corresponding increase in Estrogen (uterine
muscle stimulant), labor starts.

A

Low Progesterone Theory

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3
Q

Most acceptable theory

A

Uterine
Stretch Theory

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4
Q

Refers to the fetus and its ability to move through the
passageway

A

Passenger

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5
Q
  • pregnant woman’s general behavior and influences
    upon her also influence labor progress
A

Psyche

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6
Q

Descent of the fetus and uterus into pelvic cavity
before labor onset

A

Lightening

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7
Q

Lightening Occurs EARLIER WHEN

A

2-3 weeks earlier in primipara

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8
Q

Lightening in  Multigravida happens when

A

a day before labor

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9
Q

Increases Braxton Hick’s Contractions occurs when

A

3 to 4 weeks before labor.

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10
Q

first requisite for the birth of the baby.

A

Descent

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11
Q

Associated with descent.

A

Internal Rotation

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12
Q

delivery of the fetal head in vertex presentation.

A

Extension

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13
Q

restitution

A

External Rotation –

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14
Q

incision extending from the soft tissue of the
vaginal opening into the true perineum.

A

Episiotomy

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15
Q

Episiotomy Repair is called

A

episiorrhaphy

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16
Q

Episiotomy is Done when the fetal presenting part has crowned to a diameter of about

A

3 to 4 cm.

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17
Q

incision from the vaginal opening straight down
toward but not extending into the anus.

A

Median Episiotomy

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18
Q

begins at the midline above the anus but angles to
the left or right.

A

Mediolateral Episiotomy

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19
Q

Dilation stage from the onset of the first contraction to full cervical dilation.

  • Power necessary: uterine contractions
A

First Stage of Labor

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20
Q

Latent phase characteristics:

A

Cervix: 0 to 3 dilations; complete effacement.

Frequency over 10 minutes

Duration – average of 30 minutes

Maternal discomfort – backache, abdominal
cramps.

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21
Q

Nursing interventions in Latent phase

A

– proper positioning; side
lying; backrub, support system can include the
husband; nurse should stay with the client to
provide support.

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22
Q

active phase characteristics

A

Contraction is moderate

Frequency – 3 to 5 minutes

Duration – 45 to 60 seconds

 Cervix: 4 to 7 dilations; complete effacement.

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23
Q

Maternal problem: Active phase

A

Hyperventilation

Signs – pallor, dizziness, light-headedness with
tingling sensation on the fingertips and lips.

24
Q

PRIEST

A

Praise
Reassurance
Inform mother of the progress
encouragement
support system
touch

25
Q

Transition phase characteristic:

A

Cervix – 8 to 10 cm dilation

strong contraction

Frequency – 2 to 3 minutes
Duration – 60 to 90 seconds

26
Q

Maternal behavior in Transition phase

A

increased perspiration,
panicky, irritable; with N/V; may lose control

27
Q

Detection of FHR – auscultation using stethoscope time

A

(q30 mins in early labor; q5 min in transition)

28
Q

Monitoring – applied when
membranes intact.

A

External or Indirect

Tocodynamometer
Ultrasonic Transducer

29
Q

applied when
membranes have ruptured

A

Internal or Direct Monitoring

30
Q

intrauterine catheter
filled with water is inserted beyond presenting part; allows measurement of
frequency, duration, and intensity of
contractions

A

 Pressure Transducer

31
Q

applied to fetal
scalp; allows measurement of FHR

A

Internal Spiral Electrode

32
Q

it is when FHR is more than 170/min

A

Tachycardia

33
Q

deceleration (usually begins
as contraction peaks); cause by uteroplacental
insufficiency

A

Late deceleration

34
Q

decelerations – due to umbilical cord
compression.

A

Variable decelerations

35
Q

From fully dilated cervix to the delivery or expulsion
of the baby. From fully dilated cervix to the delivery or expulsion
of the baby.

A

Second Stage of Labor

36
Q

stage where – progresses from irritability to
participation, eagerness, and excitement.

A

Second Stage of Labor

37
Q

s the best time for the BOW to rupture;

A

early 2nd stage

38
Q

first nursing action after rupture of the BOW
is to check the

A

FHT

39
Q

the hallmark of the 2nd stage

A

Crowning

40
Q

During the 2nd stage we Monitor FHT at intervals

A

midway between
contractions

41
Q

Transfer To The Delivery Room: When?
 Primigravida

A

cervix 10 cm with bulging

42
Q

Transfer To The Delivery Room: When? Multigravida

A

– cervix 8-9 cm.

43
Q

Perineal prep is at what motion

A

front to back motion

44
Q

Clamps are placed ______inches from the fetal abdomen

A

8-10 inches

45
Q

Proper positioning during 2nd stage

A

Slight Trendelenburg Position

46
Q

delivery of placental with
the side closest to the baby emerging first

A

Schultze’s Mechanism

47
Q

Assessment (REEDA):

A

R – Redness
E – Edema
E – Ecchymosis
D – Discharge or drainage (bleeding)
A – Approximation of wound edges.

48
Q

Nursing Interventions: Fourth Stage of Labor

A

Monitor VS q15 mins until stable;

Palpate fundus q15 mins

49
Q

May initially slow labor, have dep

A

Narcotics

50
Q

Produce sedation and relaxation;

A

Tranquilizers

51
Q
  • Produce sedation and alter memory
A

Amnesics

52
Q

given in 1st stage active phase;

A

Paracervical Block

53
Q

produce rapid relief of uterine and
perineal pain; may be given in single doses or
continuously.

A

Peridural Blocks –

54
Q

may cause maternal hypotension

A

Epidural

55
Q

The average duration of third stage of labor
is

A

s 5 mins

56
Q

The average duration of second stage of labor
is

A

50–60 mins
20–30 mins

MATERNAL (8 decks)

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