MECHANISMS

Question 1

A series of processes by which the product of
conception is expelled from the maternal body

Answer 1

Labor

Question 2

Progesterone (uterine muscle relaxant) decreases in late pregnancy

With corresponding increase in Estrogen (uterine
muscle stimulant), labor starts.

Answer 2

Low Progesterone Theory

Question 3

Most acceptable theory

Answer 3

Uterine
Stretch Theory

Question 4

Refers to the fetus and its ability to move through the
passageway

Answer 4

Passenger

Question 5

• pregnant woman’s general behavior and influences
  upon her also influence labor progress

Answer 5

Psyche

Question 6

Descent of the fetus and uterus into pelvic cavity
before labor onset

Answer 6

Lightening

Question 7

Lightening Occurs EARLIER WHEN

Answer 7

2-3 weeks earlier in primipara

Question 8

Lightening in  Multigravida happens when

Answer 8

a day before labor

Question 9

Increases Braxton Hick’s Contractions occurs when

Answer 9

3 to 4 weeks before labor.

Question 10

first requisite for the birth of the baby.

Answer 10

Descent

Question 11

Associated with descent.

Answer 11

Internal Rotation

Question 12

delivery of the fetal head in vertex presentation.

Answer 12

Extension

Question 13

restitution

Answer 13

External Rotation –

Question 14

incision extending from the soft tissue of the
vaginal opening into the true perineum.

Answer 14

Episiotomy

Question 15

Episiotomy Repair is called

Answer 15

episiorrhaphy

Question 16

Episiotomy is Done when the fetal presenting part has crowned to a diameter of about

Answer 16

3 to 4 cm.

Question 17

incision from the vaginal opening straight down
toward but not extending into the anus.

Answer 17

Median Episiotomy

Question 18

begins at the midline above the anus but angles to
the left or right.

Answer 18

Mediolateral Episiotomy

Question 19

Dilation stage from the onset of the first contraction to full cervical dilation.

• Power necessary: uterine contractions

Answer 19

First Stage of Labor

Question 20

Latent phase characteristics:

Answer 20

Cervix: 0 to 3 dilations; complete effacement.

Frequency over 10 minutes

Duration – average of 30 minutes

Maternal discomfort – backache, abdominal
cramps.

Question 21

Nursing interventions in Latent phase

Answer 21

– proper positioning; side
lying; backrub, support system can include the
husband; nurse should stay with the client to
provide support.

Question 22

active phase characteristics

Answer 22

Contraction is moderate

Frequency – 3 to 5 minutes

Duration – 45 to 60 seconds

 Cervix: 4 to 7 dilations; complete effacement.

Question 23

Maternal problem: Active phase

Answer 23

Hyperventilation

Signs – pallor, dizziness, light-headedness with
tingling sensation on the fingertips and lips.

Question 24

PRIEST

Answer 24

Praise
Reassurance
Inform mother of the progress
encouragement
support system
touch

Question 25

Transition phase characteristic:

Answer 25

Cervix – 8 to 10 cm dilation strong contraction Frequency – 2 to 3 minutes Duration – 60 to 90 seconds

Question 26

Maternal behavior in Transition phase

Answer 26

increased perspiration, panicky, irritable; with N/V; may lose control

Question 27

Detection of FHR – auscultation using stethoscope time

Answer 27

(q30 mins in early labor; q5 min in transition)

Question 28

Monitoring – applied when membranes intact.

Answer 28

External or Indirect Tocodynamometer Ultrasonic Transducer

Question 29

applied when membranes have ruptured

Answer 29

Internal or Direct Monitoring

Question 30

intrauterine catheter filled with water is inserted beyond presenting part; allows measurement of frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions

Answer 30

 Pressure Transducer

Question 31

applied to fetal scalp; allows measurement of FHR

Answer 31

Internal Spiral Electrode

Question 32

it is when FHR is more than 170/min

Answer 32

Tachycardia

Question 33

deceleration (usually begins as contraction peaks); cause by uteroplacental insufficiency

Answer 33

Late deceleration

Question 34

decelerations – due to umbilical cord compression.

Answer 34

Variable decelerations

Question 35

From fully dilated cervix to the delivery or expulsion of the baby. From fully dilated cervix to the delivery or expulsion of the baby.

Answer 35

Second Stage of Labor

Question 36

stage where – progresses from irritability to participation, eagerness, and excitement.

Answer 36

Second Stage of Labor

Question 37

s the best time for the BOW to rupture;

Answer 37

early 2nd stage

Question 38

first nursing action after rupture of the BOW is to check the

Answer 38

FHT

Question 39

the hallmark of the 2nd stage

Answer 39

Crowning

Question 40

During the 2nd stage we Monitor FHT at intervals

Answer 40

midway between contractions

Question 41

Transfer To The Delivery Room: When?  Primigravida

Answer 41

cervix 10 cm with bulging

Question 42

Transfer To The Delivery Room: When? Multigravida

Answer 42

– cervix 8-9 cm.

Question 43

Perineal prep is at what motion

Answer 43

front to back motion

Question 44

Clamps are placed ______inches from the fetal abdomen

Answer 44

8-10 inches

Question 45

Proper positioning during 2nd stage

Answer 45

Slight Trendelenburg Position

Question 46

delivery of placental with the side closest to the baby emerging first

Answer 46

Schultze’s Mechanism

Question 47

Assessment (REEDA):

Answer 47

R – Redness E – Edema E – Ecchymosis D – Discharge or drainage (bleeding) A – Approximation of wound edges.

Question 48

Nursing Interventions: Fourth Stage of Labor

Answer 48

Monitor VS q15 mins until stable; Palpate fundus q15 mins

Question 49

May initially slow labor, have dep

Answer 49

Narcotics

Question 50

Produce sedation and relaxation;

Answer 50

Tranquilizers

Question 51

- Produce sedation and alter memory

Answer 51

Amnesics

Question 52

given in 1st stage active phase;

Answer 52

Paracervical Block

Question 53

produce rapid relief of uterine and perineal pain; may be given in single doses or continuously.

Answer 53

Peridural Blocks –

Question 54

may cause maternal hypotension

Answer 54

Epidural

Question 55

The average duration of third stage of labor is

Answer 55

s 5 mins

Question 56

The average duration of second stage of labor is

Answer 56

50–60 mins 20–30 mins