Mechanisation in the USA. Flashcards
Why what quantity did the use of electricity multiply in the 1920s?
It doubled.
How many people lived in electrically developed houses in 1912?
16 percent.
By 1927, what percent of people lived in electrically developed households?
63 percent.
The development of which electric goods was encouraged by electrification?
The radio, gramophone, washing machine, vacuum cleaners, cookers and refrigerators.
Who invented the vacuum cleaner, and when?
Hoover, in 1926.
How many households were using ice to keep goods cool in 1900?
Half.
When was the fridge invented?
1927.
By how much did gas usage increase during the 1920s?
It quadrupled.
Which manufacturing technique was introduced in the early 1920s?
Mass production.
What was the affect of the introduction of standard clothing sizes?
The possibility that clothing could be mass produced.
When were standard clothing sizes introduced?
During WW1.
What was perhaps the most important industry of the mechanisation of the 1920s?
The car industry: allowing the boom of entirely different industries, the achievements of the motor industry include mass production and leading the way in technological changes, such as that of Ford’s assembly line.
What was Ford’s assembly name otherwise known as?
“The Magic Belt.”
When was the assembly line introduced by Ford?
1913.
How was the partially assembled car transported along an assembly line?
By electric conveyor belt.
What did each worker have to do on an assembly line?
A single task.
When did Henry Ford found his car company?
In 1903.
What was the tag line of Ford’s Model T car?
“In any colour as long as it’s black.”
What problems were prominent following the introduction of the assembly line?
The swift turnover of workers who began to find the job monotonous.
What was Ford’s reaction to the frequent desertion of workers in 1914?
He doubled wages to $5 a day.
What methods in addition to the assembly line did Ford implement to ensure efficiency in his factories?
He shortened shifts to eight hours (at the best rates in the nation, and indeed the world for such a job at $5), and introduced a three shift day so that factories could function on a 24 hour basis.
What advertising technique did Ford pioneer?
The use of attractive women in adverts.
What was a consequence of Ford’s use of women in car adverts?
The promotion of driving as an activity for both genders.
How much did a Ford Model T cost in 1914?
$850.
How much did a Ford Model T cost in 1926?
$295.
Between 1920 and 1929 what was the increase in car ownership?
From 7.5 million to 27 million.
What was a result of the popularisation of the car for tourism?
Rapid growth, with Americans able suddenly to tour their homeland to a much greater extent than beforehand.
What was the rate of road construction in 1929?
10,000 miles per year.
