Mechanics of Breathing

Question 1

Compliance in COPD/emphysema

Answer 1

increased

Question 2

Innervation of diaphragm

Answer 2

C3, 4, 5

keeps the diaphragm alive

Question 3

Normal physiologic mechanism for overcoming dynamic compression

Answer 3

cupping of lips

in emphysema and during exercise

increases back pressure

prevents some collapse

Question 4

Compliance in fibrotic diseases

Answer 4

decreased

Question 5

Dyspnea in anti-cholinesterase toxicity

Answer 5

parasympathetic → bronchoconstriction

close of airways

Question 6

Parasympathetic in airways

Answer 6

bronchoconstriction

Question 7

FEV1/FVC in lung diseases

Answer 7

low FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in COPD

low FEV1 and normal FEV1/FVC in restrictive lung diseases

Question 8

Compression of airways

mechanism

Answer 8

intrathoracic pressure compresses airways during expiration

Question 9

Expiration is usally a ________ process

Answer 9

passive

Question 10

Compliance equation

Answer 10

C = ΔV/ΔP

Question 11

Work of breathing comes from

Answer 11

overcoming elastic lung and airway resistance

Question 12

Dynamic compression

Answer 12

due to exhalation

collapse of airways

Question 13

Sympathetic in airways

Answer 13

bronchodilation

Question 14

Role of surfanctant

Answer 14

prevents H₂O molecules from interacting at smaller volumes

Question 15

What muscles are used in active expiration

Answer 15

abdominal wall muscles