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CRRAB II--Wk 6 > Asthma/PE PBL Drugs > Flashcards

Asthma/PE PBL Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aminophylline

MOA

PK

Tox

A

MOA: adenosine antagonist, phosphodiesterase inhibitor at high concentrations

increases cAMP → AMP

⇒ bronchodilation

PK: very low TI, soluble salt of theophylline

Tox: arrhythmias, nervousness, GI bleed, tremors, insomnia, adrenergic stimulation due to phosphodiesterase inhibition

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2
Q

Zileuton

MOA

Tox

A

MOA: inhibits 5-lipoxygenase

blocks AA → leukotrienes

Tox: hepatotox, CYP450 drug interactions

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3
Q

Salmeterol

MOA

PK

TU

Tox

A

MOA: β2 agonist

PK: long-acting

TU: asthma prophylaxis

Tox: tremors, overuse may lead to tolerance (long-term)

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4
Q

Warfarin

MOA

A

MOA: inhibits VKORC that converts vit K to carboxylate factors, decreases synthesis of vit K-dependent clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C

⇒ protein C is anti-clotting, so need to have heparin bridge before starting warfarin

otherwise you increase risk of clotting

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5
Q

Fondaparinux

MOA

PK

A

MOA: cofactor for ATIII

⇒ inactivates Xa ONLY

⇒ inhibits prothrombin → thrombin

PK: no serial monitoring

**chemically related but distinct of LMW heparins

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6
Q

Theophylline

MOA

PK

Tox

A

MOA: adenosine antagonist, phosphodiesterase inhibitor at high concentrations

increases cAMP → AMP

⇒ bronchodilation

PK: very low TI

Tox: arrhythmias, nervousness, GI bleed, tremors, insomnia, adrenergic stimulation due to phosphodiesterase inhibition

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7
Q

Epinephrine

MOA

A

MOA: non-selective α and β agonist

β1: increased HR and contractility

β2: vasodilates and bronchodilates

α1: peripheral vasoconstriction

overall vasoconstriction

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8
Q

LMW heparin

(enoxaparin, dalteparin)

MOA

Labs

PK

A

MOA: cofactor for ATIII

⇒ inactivates Xa (and others)

Labs: lengthens PTT

PK: sub-Q, does not require constant administration or serial monitoring

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9
Q

Betamethasone

Dexamethasone

Methylprednisolone

Prednisone

MOA

A

MOA: induce lipocortin to inhibit PLA2

→ reduces AA

inhibit NF-kB

→ reduces TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ

⇒ inhibits degranulation of mast cells and basophils + blocks neutrophil migration

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10
Q

Montelukast

MOA

TU

Tox

A

MOA: leukotriene receptor antagonist

prevents bronchoconstriction, microvascular leakage, increased eosinophils

TU: aspirin-induced asthma

Tox: CYP450 drugs

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11
Q

Pseudoephredrine

MOA

TU

A

MOA: α1 and α2 agonist

→ vasoconstriction

decreases hyperemia, edema, congestion

TU: nasal congestion

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12
Q

Unfractionated Heparin

MOA

Labs

PK

A

MOA: cofactor for ATIII

⇒ inactivation of Xa (and others)

Labs: lengthens PTT

PK: short t1/2, need to give constant infusion

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13
Q

Cromolyn

MOA

A

MOA: opens Cl- channels

→ hyperpolarization

⇒ stabilizes mast cells and eosinphils

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14
Q

Pirbuterol

MOA

PK

Tox

A

MOA: selective β2 agonist

PK: short-acting, max dilation in 15-30 minutes

Tox: tremors, tachycarida, overuse leads to tolerance (long term)

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15
Q

Omalizumab

MOA

A

MOA: monoclonal antibody against circulating IgE

very expensive

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16
Q

Bivalirudin

MOA

TU

A

MOA: direct thrombin inhibitor

TU: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

17
Q

Formoterol

MOA

PK

TU

Tox

A

MOA: full β2 agonist

PK: long-acting

TU: asthma prophylaxis w/ corticosteroids

Tox: tremors, overuse may lead to tolerance (long-term)

18
Q

Albuterol

MOA

PK

Tox

A

MOA: selective β2 agonist

PK: short-acting, max dilation in 15-30 minutes

Tox: tremors, tachycarida, overuse leads to tolerance (long term)

19
Q

Triamcinolone

Beclamethasone

Flunisolide

Budesinide

Fluticasone

MOA

A

MOA: inhaled corticosteroids

20
Q

Zafirlukast

MOA

TU

Tox

A

MOA: leukotriene receptor antagonist

prevents bronchoconstriction, microvascular leakage, increased eosinophils

TU: aspirin-induced asthma

Tox: CYP450 drugs

21
Q

Argatroban

MOA

TU

A

MOA: direct thrombin inhibitor

TU: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

22
Q

Diphenhydramine

Chlorphenhydramine

MOA

PK

Tox

A

MOA: 1st generation H1 antagonist, anti-muscarinic, 5-HT, and α-adrenergic receptors

PK: crosses BBB and not substrate for P-glycoprotein

Tox: sedation, anti-muscarinic effects: drying of secretions, GI distrubances

23
Q

Phenylephrine

MOA

TU

A

MOA: α1 agonist

→ vasoconstriction

decreases hyperemia, edema, congestion

TU: nasal congestion

24
Q

Fexofenidine

Certirizine

Loratidine

MOA

A

MOA: 2nd gen H2 antagonists

PK: crosses BBB but substrate for P-glycoprotein

actively pumped out, less drowsiness

25
Q

Apixaban

MOA

A

MOA: direct Xa inhibitor

⇒ inhibits Factor II activation (prothrombin)

26
Q

Rivaroxaban

MOA

A

MOA: direct Xa inhibitor

⇒ prevents II activation (prothrombin)

CRRAB II--Wk 6 (9 decks)

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