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UMBC PACE > Mechanical Ventilation > Flashcards

Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

Tidal Volume (Vt) is the volume o air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

Average: 7 - 8 ml/kg

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2
Q

What is Minute Ventilation?

A

Minute Ventilation (Ve) is the amount of air expired per minute

Formula: RR + TV

Average: +/- 100mL/kg/min of Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

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3
Q

______ is the volume o air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

A

Tidal Volume (Vt) is the volume o air moved in and out of the lungs with each breath.

Average: 7 - 8 ml/kg

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4
Q

__________ is the volume measured air returned from a ventilated patient

should closely match Tidal Volume (Vt)

A

Exhaled Tidal Volume (Vte) is the volume measured air returned from a ventilated patient

should closely match Tidal Volume (Vt)

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5
Q

What in Functional Residual Capacity?

A

Functional Residual Capacity is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a standard expiration.

Formula: rV + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

+/- 2L in an adult

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6
Q

________ is the amount of air forced out of the lungs after a maximal respiration.

Average: 4.6 4.8 Liters

A

Vital Capacity (VC) is the amount of air forced out of the lungs after a maximal respiration.

Average: 4.6 4.8 Liters

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7
Q

A patient with the inability to maintain an inspiratory force of -20 cmH20 is a candidate for:

A

Mechanical Ventilation

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8
Q

_______ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.

A

Residual Volume (rV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.

Average: +/- 1L in an adult

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9
Q

________ is the volume of air that is involved in alveolar gas exchange

Average: 350 mL

A

Alveolar Ventilation (Va) is the volume of air that is involved in alveolar gas exchange

Average: 350 mL

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10
Q

Which ventilator uses small Vt (1 - 3 mL/kg)?

A

High Frequency Ventilators

** uses frequencies of > 100 BPM **

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11
Q

What is the normal range value for the BiPAP Pressure Support (PS)?

A

Pressure Support (PS) = Ventilation

5 - 20 cmH2O

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12
Q

What is the definition of Controlled Mandatory Ventilation mode?

A

Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) mode

Preset volume delivered at a preset rate

** ex: 400 mL breaths at a rate of 12 per minute **

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13
Q

Which Positive Pressure Ventilator terminates the inspiratory phase after a preset time?

A

Time - Cycle Ventilators terminate the inspiratory phase after a preset time.

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14
Q

What is the normal range value for the BiPAP PEEP?

A

PEEP - Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

2 - 20 cmH2O

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15
Q

What are the three variables of Positive Pressure Ventilators?

A
  1. Trigger - Patient (flow) triggered
  2. Target/Limit - Pressure, flow, or volume limited
  3. Cycle - Terminates the breath
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16
Q

What is Residual Volume?

A

Residual Volume (rV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.

Average: +/- 1L in an adult

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17
Q

What is the primary difference between BiPAP and CPAP?

A

BiPAP provides inspiratory pressure support and therefore is considered to be a mode of ventilation.

  • ** Inhalation Positive Airway Pressure (iPAP)***
  • ** Exhalation Positive Airway Pressure (ePAP)***
18
Q

What does increased lung compliance indicate?

A

Increased lung compliance indicates that the lungs are MORE receptive to a mechanical breath.

= lower airway pressures

19
Q

______ provides pressure to maintain open airways during exhalations, enhancing oxygenation.

A

Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (ePAP)

20
Q

What is Alveolar Ventilation?

A

Alveolar Ventilation (Va) is the volume of air that is involved in alveolar gas exchange

Average: 350 mL

21
Q

________ is the measure of expandability of the lungs and thorax.

A

Lung compliance is the measure of expandability of the lungs and thorax.

22
Q

___________ accomplishes oxygenation by the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 from high to low gradients of concentration.

A

High Frequency Ventilators accomplishes oxygenation by the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 from high to low gradients of concentration.

23
Q

________ is the amount of air expired per minute

Formula: RR + TV

Average: +/- 100mL/kg/min of Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

A

Minute Ventilation (Ve) is the amount of air expired per minute

Formula: RR + TV

Average: +/- 100mL/kg/min of Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

24
Q

In which ventilation mode does the patient NOT have any control over respiration and is essentially “locked out” from triggering a breath?

A

Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) mode

** Patient has no active role in the ventilation cycle **

25
Q

Which Positive Pressure Ventilator delivers a preset volume of gas (mL or L) over time?

A

Volume - Cycle Ventilators deliver a preset volume of gas (mL or L) over time.

26
Q

What is airway resistance?

A

Airway resistance is the opposition to flow caused by the forces of friction.

ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow

27
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

Lung compliance is the measure of expandability of the lungs and thorax.

28
Q

________ is the volume of air that remains in the conductive region.

Average: +/- 150 mL

A

Anatomical Dead Space is the volume of air that remains in the conductive region.

Average: +/- 150 mL

29
Q

What is Anatomical Dead Space?

A

Anatomical Dead Space is the volume of air that remains in the conductive region.

Average: +/- 150 mL

30
Q

What are the four main goals of mechanical ventilation?

A
  1. Maintain adequate PaO2 and PaCO2
  2. Return arterial blood gases to acceptable levels for the patient.
  3. Improve ventilation to meet existing clinical demands
  4. Decrease work of breathing
31
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

Vital Capacity (VC) is the amount of air forced out of the lungs after a maximal respiration.

Average: 4.6 4.8 Liters

32
Q

What is Exhaled Tidal Volume?

A

Exhaled Tidal Volume (Vte) is the volume measured air returned from a ventilated patient

should closely match Tidal Volume (Vt)

33
Q

What is the most commonly used ventilation mode utilized?

A

Assist Control (AC) mode

34
Q

Which variable of Positive Pressure Ventilator is:

  1. Patient initiated
  2. Will initiate a breath for the patient after a preset time
A

Trigger (Patient Triggered / Flow Trigger) Positive Pressure Ventilators

35
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

Total Lung Capacity is the volume of air that the lungs can hold with maximal inspiration.

Average: 5500 - 6000 mL (ENTIRE LUNG!)

36
Q

______ is the volume of air that the lungs can hold with maximal inspiration.

A

Total Lung Capacity is the volume of air that the lungs can hold with maximal inspiration.

Average: 5500 - 6000 mL (ENTIRE LUNG!)

37
Q

What is Physiological Dead Space?

A

Physiological Dead Space (Vd) is the Anatomical Dead Space and the Alveolar Dead Space.

Average: Total conducting airway dead space - 150 mg

38
Q

Is CPAP a true mode of ventilation?

A

No, CPAP a true mode of ventilation as it does NOT provide additional pressure during inspiration.

39
Q

What does decreased lung compliance indicate?

A

Decreased lung compliance indicates that the lungs are LESS receptive to a mechanical breath.

= Higher airway pressures (Sign of ARDS)

40
Q

What is a major advantage of Time - Cycle Ventilators?

A

The provider can precisely control the inspiratory time and inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) ratio.

UMBC PACE (10 decks)

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