Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UMBC PACE > CCEMTP > Flashcards

CCEMTP Flashcards

1
Q

Sepsis - Cellular Dysfunction in Cells:

What is depressed activation?

A

Depressed activation refers to cells that are failing to act in response to stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sepsis -

Sepsis should be highly considered in patient presenting with a lactate value of:

A

Sepsis should be highly considered in patient presenting with a lactate value of:
> 2 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharmacology -

What is an antagonist?

A

An antagonist blocks cellular receptor sites to prevent effect.

(ex: Narcan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sepsis -

What do neutrophils do?

A

Neutrophils phagocytize (consume; destroy) bacteria, damaged cells, foreign debris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sepsis -

What is the leading cause of non-coronary death in the ICU?

A

Sepsis is the leading cause of non-coronary death in the ICU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sepsis - Cellular Dysfunction in Cells:

________ refers to cells that are failing to act in response to stimulus.

A

Depressed activation refers to cells that are failing to act in response to stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pharmacology -

What medication effects the heart rhythm?

A

Dromotropic medications effects heart rhythm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sepsis -

_______ alkalosis signals impeding shock that is reversible with adequate fluid resuscitation.

A

Respiratory alkalosis signals impeding shock that is reversible with adequate fluid resuscitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharmacology -

What is Half-Life?

A

Half-Life is the time it takes to eliminate half of the drug from the bloodstream (usually takes 5 to 7 half-lives to get out of the system).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sepsis -

What is septicemia?

A

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

How does a subarachnoid bleed present on a Computed Tomography (CT) scan?

A

Starfish like appearance (usually focused in the center and working outward)

A subarachnoid bleed presents as a white STARFISH LIKE APPEARANCE on a Computed Tomography (CT) scan?

white denotes the presence of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

How does a subdural bleed present on a Computed Tomography (CT) scan?

A

Crescent moon shaped appearance

A subdural bleed presents as a white crescent moon shaped appearance.

white denotes the presence of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

When evaluating an X-ray, the heart should take up no more than _____% of the width of the film (Posterior to Anterior [PA]).

A

50%

When evaluating an X-ray, the heart should take up no more than 50% of the width of the film (Posterior to Anterior [PA]).

Ideally 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pharmacology -

_______ is the conversion of the chemical drug into another form (e.g. conversion of active drug into inactive metabolite).

A

Biotransformation is the conversion of the chemical drug into another form (e.g. conversion of active drug into inactive metabolite).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sepsis -

_______ is the leading cause of non-coronary death in the ICU.

A

Sepsis is the leading cause of non-coronary death in the ICU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmacology -

What is preload?

A

Preload is the workload coming into the right side of the heart.

(venous return to the Right Atrium [RA])

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sepsis -

What does the term ‘band’ refer to when assessing lab values (specifically WBC)?

A

Bands refers to immature WBCs.

(This occurs when an infection is so severe that the body begins to release immature WBCs in an attempt to fight off the infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pharmacology -

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

Pharmacokinetics is defined as how the body works on a specific medication or medications.

(metabolism, absorption, distribution, excretion, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pharmacology -

What is “First Pass Effect?”

A

“First Pass Effect” refers to a significant of the drug being cleared directly through the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

What is the “A - I” approach to radiograph interpretation?

A 
The "A - I" approach to radiograph interpretation is:
A - Airway
B - Bony Thorax
C - Cardiac Silhouette 
D - Diaphragm 
E - Effusion 
F - Fields (lung)
G - Gastric Bubble
H -  Hilum (lung roots)
I - Invasive devices and lines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sepsis -

_______ is defined as a clinical response to a non-specific insult of infectious or non-infectious origin.

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response ‘Syndrome’ (SIRS)

-aka: SIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sepsis -

_________ can result in severe complications such as:

  1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
  2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
  3. Renal Failure
  4. Liver Failure
  5. Heart Failure (HF)
A

Septic shock can result in severe complications such as:

  1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
  2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
  3. Renal Failure
  4. Liver Failure
  5. Heart Failure (HF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pharmacology -

________ refers to one drug enhancing another drug’s action.

A

Potentiation refers to one drug enhancing another drug’s action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sepsis -

Septic shock develops in approximately ______% of septic patients.

A

40%

Septic shock develops in approximately 40% of septic patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pharmacology -

What is the calculation for Ideal Body Weight (IBW)?

A

The calculation for Ideal Body Weight (IDW) is:

50+2.3 x (height in inches)

For Males > 5 ft only!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sepsis -

_________ is a reaction to cell injury.

A

Inflammatory response is a reaction to cell injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sepsis -

When utilizing the Quick Standardized Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFT) scoring system, what are the three variables used to score the patient?

A

The three variables used to score the patient via the Quick Standardized Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFT) are:

1) Respiratory Rate = ≥ 22/min
2) New or worsened altered mental status (AMS)
3) SBP ≤ 100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sepsis -

What is an inflammatory response?

A

Inflammatory response is a reaction to cell injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pharmacology -

What is bioavailability?

A

Bioavailability is the amount of unaltered drug to reach the systemic circulation

(Oral medication does not achieve 100% bioavailability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sepsis -

Over time, sepsis can lead to _________ and _______.

A

Over time, sepsis can lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pharmacology -

What does a chronotropic medication effect?

A

Chronotropic medications effect heart rate (HR).

Chrono = Time

32
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

What is the radiographic difference between a patient presenting with pneumothorax verses a patient presenting with hemothorax?

A

The radiographic difference between a patient presenting with pneumothorax verses a patient presenting with hemothorax is:

Pneumothorax is displayed as a black mass
Hemothorax is displayed as a white mass

33
Q

Pharmacology -

What does a dromotropic medication effect?

A

A dromotropic medication effects heart rhythm.

Think drum

34
Q

Sepsis -

What is a common intervention that sepsis patients will require?

A

Sepsis patients will commonly require 2 large bore IV’s or a central venous catheter.

35
Q

Sepsis -

What is the physiological process of swelling?

A

The physiological process of swelling is the movement of fluid from the intravascular space into the interstitial space.

36
Q

Pharmacology -

What does an inotropic medication effect?

A

Inotropic medications effect the contractile force of the heart (how hard the heart beats [with more or less force]).

37
Q

Sepsis -

What is the standard infusion formula for a septic patient?

A

The standard formula for a septic patient is:
30 mL/kg bolus

(be mindful of CHF and/or Pulmonary Edema)

38
Q

Sepsis -

What are the two leading causes of sepsis?

A

The two leading causes of sepsis are:

  1. Respiratory tract infection
  2. Urinary tract infection
39
Q

Sepsis -

_______ is the presence of bacteria in the blood.

A

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the blood.

40
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

____________ is based on the composition and thickness of a substance.

A

Radiographic density is based on the composition and thickness of a substance.

41
Q

Sepsis -

Which classification of bacteria results in more deaths due to sepsis?

A

Gram-negative bacteria results in more deaths due to sepsis.

42
Q

Pharmacology -

What is an Iatrogenic result?

A

An iatrogenic result is an adverse condition/response even with appropriate care.

43
Q

Sepsis -

What is the difference between sepsis and severe sepsis?

A

The difference between sepsis is the presence of organ dysfunction (seen with severe sepsis).

44
Q

Pharmacology -

Which medications effect the heart rate?

A

Chronotropic medications effect heart rate (HR).

45
Q

Sepsis -

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), Renal Failure, Liver Failure, Heart Failure (HF) can be the result of _________ if not treated adequately.

A

Septic Shock

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), Renal Failure, Liver Failure, Heart Failure (HF) can be the result of SEPTIC SHOCK if not treated adequately.

46
Q

Pharmacology -

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

Pharmacodynamics is defined as how drugs/medications work on the body.

47
Q

Sepsis -

_______ is a syndrome that is characterized by an overwhelming systemic response to infection.

A

Sepsis is a syndrome that is characterized by an overwhelming systemic response to infection.

48
Q

Pharmacology -

What medication effects the contractile force of the heart?

A

Inotropic medications effect the contractile force of the heart (how hard the heart beats [with more or less force]).

49
Q

Sepsis - Cellular Dysfunction in Cells:

What is excessive activation?

A

Excessive activation refers to cells that are primed such that they respond in a very vigorous manner to additional stimuli.

50
Q

Pharmacology -

What is potentiation?

A

Potentiation is when once drug enhances the action of another drug.

51
Q

Sepsis -

_______ is defined as sepsis with hypotension that is refractory to fluid resuscitation.

A

Septic shock is defined as sepsis with hypotension that is refractory to fluid resuscitation.

52
Q

Pharmacology -

What is the amount of an unaltered drug that reaches systemic circulation.

A

Bioavailability is the amount of unaltered drug to reach the systemic circulation.

53
Q

Pharmacology -

What is biotransformation?

A

Biotransformation is the conversion of the chemical drug into another form (e.g. conversion of active drug into inactive metabolite).

54
Q

Sepsis -

If a septic patient does not adequately response to fluid resuscitation, what should be considered next?

A

Vasopressors should be considered if a septic patient does not response to fluid resuscitation.

  1. Norepinephrine
  2. Vasopressin
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Phenylephrine
  5. Dopamine
55
Q

Pharmacology -

What is an agonist?

A

An Agonist stimulates cellular receptor sites to produce normal effect.

56
Q

Sepsis -

Cellular Dysfunction in Cells:

________ refers to cells that are primed such that they respond in a very vigorous manner to additional stimuli.

A

Excessive activation refers to cells that are primed such that they respond in a very vigorous manner to additional stimuli.

57
Q

Pharmacology -

_______ is the study of drugs and their effects on receptors and the body.

A

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on receptors and the body.

58
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

Which intracranial bleed has a crescent moon shaped appearance?

A

Subdural

A subdural bleed presents as a white crescent moon shaped appearance.

white denotes the presence of blood

59
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

Which intracranial bleed has a convex appearing lens (oblong oval shape)?

A

Epidural

Intracranial EPIDURAL bleeding has a white convex appearing lens (oblong oval shape).

white denotes the presence of blood

60
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

What color is air on an x-ray?

A

Air is black on an x-ray

61
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

Which intracranial bleeding looks similar to a starfish pattern?

A

Subarachnoid

Intracranial SUBARACHNOID bleeding looks similar to a white starfish pattern

white denotes the presence of blood

62
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

What is the most common radiographic imaging technique utilized by clinicians?

A

X ray is the most common radiographic imaging technique utilized by clinicians?

63
Q

Sepsis -

What is the ideal Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in oder to maintain perfusion to the vital organs of a septic patient?

A

The deal Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in oder to maintain perfusion to the vital organs of a septic patient is 65 mmHg

“65 keeps the organs alive”

64
Q

Sepsis -

Sepsis defined:

A

Sepsis is a syndrome that is characterized by an overwhelming systemic response to infection.

65
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

What is a significant pre-hospital use for Ultrasound (US)?

A

A significant pre-hospital use for Ultrasound (US) is:

1) Detecting the presence of blood and/or internal bleeding
2) IV placement

66
Q

Sepsis -

What is septic shock?

A

Septic shock is defined as sepsis with hypotension that is refractory to fluid resuscitation.

67
Q

Pharmacology -

______ is defined as how drugs/medications work on the body.

A

Pharmacodynamics is defined as how drugs/medications work on the body.

68
Q

Sepsis -

A patient suspected of sepsis should present with at least two of these signs and symptoms:

A

A patient suspected of sepsis should present with at least two of these signs and symptoms:

1) Oral temperature > 38C or < 36C
2) RR > 20/min or PaCO2 < 32 mmHg
3) HR > 90 bpm
4) WBC > 12,000/uL or < 4,000/uL or > 10% band

69
Q

Pharmacology -

What is Mechanism of Action?

A

Mechanism of Action is how the agent (drug/medication) works at the cellular/receptor level for intended response.

70
Q

Pharmacology -

What is afterload?

A

Afterload is the workload a heart pumps against.

left side of the heart

71
Q

Pharmacology -

What is pharmacology?

A

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on receptors and the body.

72
Q

Sepsis -

________ bacteria results in more deaths due to sepsis.

A

Gram-negative bacteria results in more deaths due to sepsis.

73
Q

Radiograph Interpretation -

How does an epidural bleed present on a Computed Tomography (CT) scan?

A

Convex appearing lens (oblong oval shape).

An epidural bleed presents as a white convex appearing lens (oblong oval shape).

white denotes the presence of blood

74
Q

Pharmacology -

What is “Steady State?”

A

Steady State is an equal amount of medication administered as it is eliminated.

(Amount of drug in = amount of drug out)

75
Q

Sepsis -

What is a high lactate lab value indicative of?

A

A high lactate lab value is indicative of poor perfusion, possibly a result of organ failure subsequent to septic shock.

(0.5 - 1.0 mmol/L is standard)

UMBC PACE (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions