Data Values to Know

Question 1

Normal Value:

K+

Answer 1

Potassium

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

Question 2

Hypocalcemia on the EKG:

Answer 2

Prolonged QT Interval (normal: 0.41 secs)

Normal: 9 - 1 1 mg/dL

Hypo: ≤ 8.5 mg/dL

Question 3

Normal Value:

BUN

Answer 3

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

7 - 21 mg/dL

Question 4

When does the IABP augment blood demand?

Answer 4

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump augments (increases) blood demand during deflation.

** Demand = Delation (D = D) **

** aortic pressure drops rapidly, reducing afterload **

Question 5

Standard Value Range for RAP

Answer 5

2 - 8 mmHg

Right Atrial Pressure

** same as Central Venous Pressure **

** Reflect Right Ventricular End Diastole Pressure (Preload) **

Question 6

Beck’s Triad:

Answer 6

• Hypotension
• Muffled Heart Tones
• JVD

** Tamponade; Pericarditis **

Question 7

Standard Value Range for MAP

Answer 7

70 - 100 mmHg

Mean Arterial Pressure

[(DBP x2) + SBP] ÷ 3

Question 8

RCA (artery) supples:

Answer 8

Right Coronary Artery:
II, III, aVF

• Right Ventricle
• Inferior Wall
• Posterior Wall
• Posterior Third of the Septum

Question 9

Standard Value Range for CVP

Answer 9

2 - 8 mmHg

Central Venous Pressure
(reflects pressure of great veins)

** same as Right Atrium **

** Reflect Right Ventricular End Diastole Pressure (Preload) **

Question 10

Normal Value:

Na+

Answer 10

Sodium

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 11

Hypokalemia on the EKG:

Answer 11

Atrial flutter
Bradycardia
Flattened “T” waves
“U” wave appearance

** identical to hypomagnesemia **

Question 12

Normal Value:

PT

Answer 12

Prothrombin Time

11.2 - 13.2 seconds

** 12.2 seconds **

Question 13

What does a Base Excess of less than -2 mEq/L indicate?

Answer 13

Metabolic Acidosis

Standard Value Range: -2 / +2 mEq/L

Question 14

LAD artery supplies:

Answer 14

Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery:
V1, V2, V3, V4

• Anterior and Anterolateral Walls
• Anterior Two-Thirds of the septum
• Left Bundle Branch

Question 15

Which coronary artery is responsible for blood supply to the AV nodal coronary artery?

Answer 15

Right Coronary Artery (RCA) in 85 - 90% of individuals

** LCX in 10 - 15% **

Question 16

Normal Value:

CPK

Answer 16

Creatine phosphokinase

5 - 35 mcg/mL

Question 17

Hypercalcemia on the EKG:

Answer 17

Shorted QT Interval (normal: 0.41 secs)

PR interval prolonged
QRS interval prolonged

Normal: 9 - 11 mg/dL

Hyper: ≥ 12 mg/dL

Question 18

Standard Value for CI

Answer 18

2.5 - 4.0 L/min

Cardiac Index

Cardiac Output ÷ BSA

Question 19

Normal Value:

Platelets

Answer 19

150,000 - 400,000/mm3

Question 20

Slight ST segment depression ( ≤ 1 mm), with a scooped shape RST transition noted in multiple leads:

Answer 20

Digitalis

• Evidence that patient has taken digitalis

** Referred to as the “Salvador Dali Mustache” **

Question 21

Normal Value:

WBC

Answer 21

White Blood Cells

4,500 - 10,000/mL

Question 22

Hypomagnesemia on the EKG:

Answer 22

Atrial flutter
Bradycardia 
Flattened "T" waves
"U" wave appearance 
"T" wave inversion 
Widening QRS

** identical to hypokalemia **

Question 23

Normal Value:

Hematocrit

Answer 23

Male: 40% - 54%
Female: 36% - 46%

** 44% **

Question 24

Cushing’s Triad:

Answer 24

• Hypertension
• Bradycardia
• Irregular Breathing (usually Cheyne-Stokes)
• ** Head Injuries ***
• *** Hyper ventilate to decrease ICP **
• ** CO is a vasoconstrictor / O is a vasodilator ***

Question 25

Normal Value:

RBC

Answer 25

Red Blood Cells

3.5M - 6M

Question 26

Normal Value:

Creatinine (CR)

Answer 26

Male: 0.6 - 1.4 mg/dL
Female: 0.6 - 1.1 mg/dL

** 0.9 mg/dL **

Question 27

Standard Value Range for Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure (PAPd)

Answer 27

5 - 15 mmHg

Question 28

LCX artery supples:

Answer 28

Left Circumflex (LCX) Artery:
I, aVL

• Posterolateral Wall of the LEFT Ventricle

Question 29

Normal Value:

PTT

Answer 29

Partial Thromboplastin Time

22.1 - 34.1 seconds

** 28.1 seconds **

Question 30

Normal Value:

BNP

Answer 30

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

< 100 pg/mL = low likelihood of heart failure
100 - 400 pg/mL = intermediate likelihood of heart failure
> 400 pg/mL = high likelihood of heart failure

• Picograms per milliliter*
• *** 0.000000000000001 kg **

Question 31

Normal Value:

Ca++

Answer 31

Calcium

9 - 11 mg/dL

Question 32

Standard Value Range for CO

Answer 32

4 - 8 L/min

Cardiac Output

CO = SV x HR

Question 33

Standard Value of PAWP

Answer 33

4 - 12 mmHg

** Pulmonary Artery Mean Pressure **

Question 34

Standard Value Range for Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVPs)

Answer 34

15 - 30 mmHg

Question 35

Hyperkalemia on the EKG:

Answer 35

Tall, tented “T” waves (II, III, V2)
PR interval prolonged
Left Axis Deviation

Question 36

Standard Value Range for Right Ventricular Diastolic Pressure (RVPd)

Answer 36

0 - 8 mmHg

** can have a DBP of 0 mmHg due to no counter force/pressure against a pump/valve **

Question 37

Normal Value:

Hemoglobin

Answer 37

Male: 14 - 18 g/dL
Female: 12 - 16 g/dL

** 15 g/dL **

Question 38

Normal Value:

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

Answer 38

10:1

Question 39

What does a Base Excess of more than +2 mEq/L indicate?

Answer 39

Metabolic Alkalosis

Standard Value Range: -2 / +2 mEq/L

Question 40

Normal Value:

D-dimer

Answer 40

< 0.5 - 1.0 mcg/mL

< 500 - 1000 mcg/L

Question 41

Normal Value:

cTnl

Answer 41

Cardiac-specific Troponin I

≤ 0.5 ng/mL

Question 42

When does the IABP augment blood supply?

Answer 42

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump augments (increases) blood supply during Inflation.

** Increase = Inflation (I = I) **

Question 43

Standard Value Range for Ejection Fraction:

Answer 43

55 - 75%

Question 44

Standard Value Range for Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PAPs)

Answer 44

15 - 30 mmHg