Mechanical Systems (Checkpoint One & Two) Flashcards
What is a machine/mechanical device?
Machines are tools that help humans do work, move objects, or transfer energy.
What are some examples of mechanical devices?
Brooms, aqueducts, cars, screwdrivers, nutcrackers, and elevators, etc.
What is a aqueduct?
A machine used for transporting water for many kilometers, to supply cities.
What is a sakia?
A series of buckets attached to a long rope and draped over a wheel.
What is a Archimedes screw?
A screw that picks up water and carries it up to the top of the tube.
What is a simple machine?
A tool or device made up of one basic machine.
Describe a first class lever, and provide an example.
Effort, fulcrum, load. One example is a teeter-totter.
Describe a second class lever, and provide an example.
Effort, load, fulcrum. One example is a wheelbarrow.
Describe a third class lever, and provide an example.
Load, effort, fulcrum. One example is a hockey stick/broom.
Describe a lever.
A rigid bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point.
What is a wedge?
A simple machine that looks like an inclined plane, but is forced into a object. One example is a knife.
What is a inclined plane/ramp?
A simple machine made up of a flat surface such as a board, that sits on an angle against another flat surface such as a tabletop. One example is a chisel.
What is a pulley?
A simple machine made of a wire/rope/cable moving on a grooved wheel. One example is a elevator.
What is a screw?
A simple machine that can consists of a cylinder, with a groove cut in the spiral on the outside. One example is a bottle cap.
What is a wheel and axle?
A simple machine made up of two wheels, that turn together. They are attached by a rod. One example is a bicycle wheel.
What is function?
What a device is made to do.
What is a structure?
How a device looks/is made.
What simple machine changes the direction of a force?
A pulley.
What simple machine multiplies force?
A screwdriver.
What simple machine increases speed?
Scissors.
What simple machine transfers force?
A lever.
What is a compound machine?
A system in which simple machines all work together for a common function.
Describe a system and provide an example.
A group of parts that work together to perform a function. One example is a bicycle.
Describe a subsystem and provide an example.
A smaller group of parts within a complex machine that performs a specific function. One example are brakes on a bike.
Define linkage and given a example.
The part that transfers your energy from the pedals to the back wheel. One example is a chain.
Define transmission and provide an example.
Transfers energy from the engine to the wheels. One example is a gear shaft.
Define gears and given an example.
A pair of wheels that have teeth which interlink. One example is a eggbeater.
Describe how a gear works.
A pair of wheels with teeth which interlink when they rotate together one gear wheel transfers a turning motion and force to the other.
What is a reducing gear system?
A system in which the driving gear is smaller than the driven gear.
What is a multiplying gear system?
A system in which the driving gear is larger than the driven gear.
Define mechanical advantage.
The amount by which the machine can multiply force.
What is input force?
The force applied to the machine.
What is output force?
The force the machine applies to the object.
Force is measured in what?
Newtons.
Define speed ratio.
A measure of how the speed of an object is affected by a machine.
