Final Exam: (Based On Mr. Lemessuriers Hints) Flashcards
What is the main purpose of the digestive system and how does it relate to the other systems?
The main purpose of the digestive system is to break down particles of food small enough to be used by your cells . It relates to other systems by………?
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather- the atmosphere for a short period of time
Climate- the atmosphere for a long period of time.
What is diversity?
The variety of different species in a ecosystem.
What are pascals?
The unit that pressure is measured in.
What is the definition of efficiency? What is one key element of efficiency?
How well a machine functions, and efficiency cannot be over 100 typically.
Define efficiency. Name one element of efficiency.
How well a machine functions, and efficiency cannot be over 100 typically.
Describe a second class lever and provide an example.
Effort (up), load, fulcrum. One example is a wheelbarrow.
Describe a third class lever and provide an example.
Load, effort (up), fulcrum. One example is a broom/hockey stick.
As glaciers pass through areas, what do they deposit?
Sediment, and small amounts of freshwater.
moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes
What is the difference between refraction and reflection.
Refraction- bending of light as it travels
Reflection- bouncing off of surfaces as it travels
What is the iris and which camera part is is similar to?
Controls the size of the pupil; how much light enters the eye. It is similar to the diaphragm in a camera. Coloured part of the eye.
What is the cornea?
The clear covering on the iris and pupil that helps refract light.
What is the difference between converge and diverge?
Converge- meet at a single point
Diverge- do not meet at a single point
What is the difference between opaque and transparent?
Opaque- not able to see through it
Transparent- can easily see through it
What is the difference between structural and behavioural adaptions?
Structural- physical adaptions, like the fur on a bear, etc.
Behavioural- the things organisms do to survive, like migration, etc.
What are villi?
Finger-like projections on the inner surface of the small intestine lining, which absorb nutrients.
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture of two or more pure substances that looks like one.
What is a solute?
Substance that dissolves in a solvent.
What is a solvent?
Substance that does the dissolving,
What is the difference between a saturated and a unsaturated solution?
Saturated- no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
Unsaturated- still more solute can be dissolved
What is a colloid?
Cloudy mixture in which the droplets are too small to separate out.
What is a suspension?
A cloudy mixture in which droplets of another substance are held within a different substance. Eventually you can separate them.
What are some effects on solubility?
Solubility is the ability to dissolve. Some effects are temperature, agitation, size of particles, type of solute/solvent.
What is concentration?
The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.
What does a triangular sign mean?
Caution.
What does a diamond-shaped sign mean?
Warning.
What does a octagon shaped sign mean?
Danger.
What is near-sightedness and what kind of lens is needed in order to correct that?
Nearsightedness is when the image forms in front of the retina and a diverging concave lens is needed to correct your vision.
What is farsightedness and what kind of lens is needed in order to correct that?
Farsightedness is when the image forms behind the retina and a converging convex lens is needed to correct your vision.
What are the two types of eyes?
Camera and compound.
Camera- eyes that are round and have a cornea, lens and retina
Compound- eyes that are made up of many smaller units
What are rods and cones?
Rods- cells in the retina that are sensitive to low levels of light
Cones- cells in the retina that detect color
What is a real image?
A image formed when rays meet at a point; and can be projected onto a screen.
What is the retina, and what is it similar to in a camera?
A special lining in the back of the eye, and when lights it receptor cells send messages to the brain, which become images. It is similar to the film
What is the saturation point?
When no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature in a given volume of solvent.
What is the difference between homogenous and heterogenous?
Homogenous- parts are mixed together; not easily separated
Heterogenous- parts are separate; easy to separate.
Describe a first class lever and provide an example.
Effort (down), fulcrum, load. One example is a teeter-totter.
What is the purpose of the pupil, and what camera part is it similar to?
The pupil is the opening through which light enters the eye. It is similar to the aperture in a camera.
What is the lens and what is it similar to in a camera?
To focus light rays on the back of the eyeball. It is similar to the lens in a camera.
What is the optic nerve?
To send electrical impulses from your eyes to your brain.
What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?
Mechanical- physically breaking down little pieces of food
Chemical- the breakdown of large particles into smaller particles using enzymes
What is the main purpose of the excretory system and how does it relate to the other systems?
The main purpose is to expel waste and sweat from the body. It relates to the other systems because……….?
What is viscosity?
The resistance of a fluid to flow.
What are the three states of matter?
Gas, liquid and solid.
What are some factors that affect particle movement?
Temperature, buoyancy, viscosity, comressibility, type of solvent, type of solute
What is the particle model of matter?
1) all matter is made up of tiny particles
2) the particles are always moving
3) the particles are bonded to each other
4) the particles have spaces between them
Define cell.
The basic unit of life.
Define multicellular.
An organism made up of two or more cells.
Define unicellular.
An organism made up of a single cell.
Define diffusion.
The movement of water from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
Define osmosis.
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Define structure.
Parts of organisms that perform specific functions.
What are the six characteristics of living things.
1) are made of cells
2) need energy
3) grow and develop
4) respond to the environment
5) reproduce
6) have adaptions for their environment
Describe the organization of cells, tissues and organs from least complex to most complex.
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.
What are binoculars?
A optical device that contains two refracting telescopes applied together.
What is a concave lens and how does it affect light?
A mirror that bulges inward. It collects the light and reflects it to a focal point in front of the mirror.
What is a convex lens and how does it affect light?
A lens that bulges outwards. It reflects light and the focal point is behind the mirror and and makes it appear as if the image is coming from a smaller point behind the mirror,
How does a refracting telescope affect light?
Telescope that uses two lenses to form an enlarged image.
How does a reflecting telescopes affect light?
Telescope that uses two lenses to form a smaller image.
What is bioluminescence?
The ability of certain organisms to produce light using chemicals.
What is mechanical advantage?
Amount by which a machine can multiply force.
What is speed ratio?
How the speed of an object is affected by a machine.
What is linkage?
A series of gears with teeth that interlink.
What are gears?
Wheels with teeth that interlink.
Why can machine not be greater than 100% efficient?
Because of friction.
What is regular reflection?
When light reflects off of a smooth surface,
What are the four characteristics of light?
1) light travels in straight lines
2) can be reflected
3) can bend
4) is a form of energy
What does the law of reflection state?
That the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of angle of reflection.
What happens to light when it enters a denser medium?
It slows down, and refracts more causing it to bend toward the normal.
What happens to light when it enters a less dense medium?
It speeds up, and will refract more causing it to bend away from the normal.
Do concave lenses diverge or converge?
Diverge.
Do convex lenses diverge or converge?
Converge.
How is a real image formed?
By a convex lens when the rays meet at a point and the image can projected onto a screen.
What is the the sclera?
The white part of your eye. It’s also the protective layer of the eye.
What is the macula?
The area of the retina that gives central vision.
What is the fovea?
The centre of the macula that gives the sharpest vision.
What is the vitreous humour?
The clear, jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball.
What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?
To move the stage up and down.
What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob?
To move the stage side to side.
What is the purpose of the body tube?
Connects the eyepiece to the objective lens.
What is the purpose of the stage?
To hold the slide containing the specimen.
What is the purpose of the eye piece?
To magnify the object.
What is the purpose of the base?
Prevent the microscope from tipping.
What is the purpose of the diaphragm?
To change the amount of light allowed through the microscope.
What is the purpose of the arm?
To carry the microscope easily.
What is the purpose of the lamp/mirror?
To provide light, in order to better view the specimen.
What is the purpose of the revolving nosepiece?
It holds the objectives.
What is the purpose of the objective lens?
Magnifies the image for the viewer.
What is the purpose of the stage clips?
To hold the slide (containing the specimen) in place.
What is the function of the right atrium?
Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
What is the function of the left atrium?
Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
What is the function of left ventricle?
When it contracts it pumps blood to the body.
What is the function of the right ventricle?
When it contracts it pumps blood to the lungs.
What is a esker?
A ridge of sand and gravel from sediment, deposited from glaciers.
What is a drumlins?
Hills or sediment streamlined by glaciers flow.
What is a moraine?
A pit of material left behind by glaciers.
What is a kettle lake?
A pond/lake formed by a glacier, which is basically a pit filled with water.
