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8C Science 2022 > Final Exam: (Based On Mr. Lemessuriers Hints) > Flashcards

Final Exam: (Based On Mr. Lemessuriers Hints) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main purpose of the digestive system and how does it relate to the other systems?

A

The main purpose of the digestive system is to break down particles of food small enough to be used by your cells . It relates to other systems by………?

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2
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather- the atmosphere for a short period of time

Climate- the atmosphere for a long period of time.

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3
Q

What is diversity?

A

The variety of different species in a ecosystem.

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4
Q

What are pascals?

A

The unit that pressure is measured in.

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5
Q

What is the definition of efficiency? What is one key element of efficiency?

A

How well a machine functions, and efficiency cannot be over 100 typically.

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6
Q

Define efficiency. Name one element of efficiency.

A

How well a machine functions, and efficiency cannot be over 100 typically.

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7
Q

Describe a second class lever and provide an example.

A

Effort (up), load, fulcrum. One example is a wheelbarrow.

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8
Q

Describe a third class lever and provide an example.

A

Load, effort (up), fulcrum. One example is a broom/hockey stick.

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9
Q

As glaciers pass through areas, what do they deposit?

A

Sediment, and small amounts of freshwater.

moraines, eskers, drumlins, and kettle lakes

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10
Q

What is the difference between refraction and reflection.

A

Refraction- bending of light as it travels

Reflection- bouncing off of surfaces as it travels

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11
Q

What is the iris and which camera part is is similar to?

A

Controls the size of the pupil; how much light enters the eye. It is similar to the diaphragm in a camera. Coloured part of the eye.

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12
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The clear covering on the iris and pupil that helps refract light.

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13
Q

What is the difference between converge and diverge?

A

Converge- meet at a single point

Diverge- do not meet at a single point

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14
Q

What is the difference between opaque and transparent?

A

Opaque- not able to see through it

Transparent- can easily see through it

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15
Q

What is the difference between structural and behavioural adaptions?

A

Structural- physical adaptions, like the fur on a bear, etc.

Behavioural- the things organisms do to survive, like migration, etc.

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16
Q

What are villi?

A

Finger-like projections on the inner surface of the small intestine lining, which absorb nutrients.

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17
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogenous mixture of two or more pure substances that looks like one.

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18
Q

What is a solute?

A

Substance that dissolves in a solvent.

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19
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Substance that does the dissolving,

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20
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and a unsaturated solution?

A

Saturated- no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
Unsaturated- still more solute can be dissolved

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21
Q

What is a colloid?

A

Cloudy mixture in which the droplets are too small to separate out.

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22
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A cloudy mixture in which droplets of another substance are held within a different substance. Eventually you can separate them.

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23
Q

What are some effects on solubility?

A

Solubility is the ability to dissolve. Some effects are temperature, agitation, size of particles, type of solute/solvent.

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24
Q

What is concentration?

A

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

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25
Q

What does a triangular sign mean?

A

Caution.

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26
Q

What does a diamond-shaped sign mean?

A

Warning.

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27
Q

What does a octagon shaped sign mean?

A

Danger.

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28
Q

What is near-sightedness and what kind of lens is needed in order to correct that?

A

Nearsightedness is when the image forms in front of the retina and a diverging concave lens is needed to correct your vision.

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29
Q

What is farsightedness and what kind of lens is needed in order to correct that?

A

Farsightedness is when the image forms behind the retina and a converging convex lens is needed to correct your vision.

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30
Q

What are the two types of eyes?

A

Camera and compound.
Camera- eyes that are round and have a cornea, lens and retina
Compound- eyes that are made up of many smaller units

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31
Q

What are rods and cones?

A

Rods- cells in the retina that are sensitive to low levels of light
Cones- cells in the retina that detect color

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32
Q

What is a real image?

A

A image formed when rays meet at a point; and can be projected onto a screen.

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33
Q

What is the retina, and what is it similar to in a camera?

A

A special lining in the back of the eye, and when lights it receptor cells send messages to the brain, which become images. It is similar to the film

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34
Q

What is the saturation point?

A

When no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature in a given volume of solvent.

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35
Q

What is the difference between homogenous and heterogenous?

A

Homogenous- parts are mixed together; not easily separated

Heterogenous- parts are separate; easy to separate.

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36
Q

Describe a first class lever and provide an example.

A

Effort (down), fulcrum, load. One example is a teeter-totter.

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37
Q

What is the purpose of the pupil, and what camera part is it similar to?

A

The pupil is the opening through which light enters the eye. It is similar to the aperture in a camera.

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38
Q

What is the lens and what is it similar to in a camera?

A

To focus light rays on the back of the eyeball. It is similar to the lens in a camera.

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39
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

To send electrical impulses from your eyes to your brain.

40
Q

What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?

A

Mechanical- physically breaking down little pieces of food

Chemical- the breakdown of large particles into smaller particles using enzymes

41
Q

What is the main purpose of the excretory system and how does it relate to the other systems?

A

The main purpose is to expel waste and sweat from the body. It relates to the other systems because……….?

42
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance of a fluid to flow.

43
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Gas, liquid and solid.

44
Q

What are some factors that affect particle movement?

A

Temperature, buoyancy, viscosity, comressibility, type of solvent, type of solute

45
Q

What is the particle model of matter?

A

1) all matter is made up of tiny particles
2) the particles are always moving
3) the particles are bonded to each other
4) the particles have spaces between them

46
Q

Define cell.

A

The basic unit of life.

47
Q

Define multicellular.

A

An organism made up of two or more cells.

48
Q

Define unicellular.

A

An organism made up of a single cell.

49
Q

Define diffusion.

A

The movement of water from an area of low concentration to high concentration.

50
Q

Define osmosis.

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

51
Q

Define structure.

A

Parts of organisms that perform specific functions.

52
Q

What are the six characteristics of living things.

A

1) are made of cells
2) need energy
3) grow and develop
4) respond to the environment
5) reproduce
6) have adaptions for their environment

53
Q

Describe the organization of cells, tissues and organs from least complex to most complex.

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.

54
Q

What are binoculars?

A

A optical device that contains two refracting telescopes applied together.

55
Q

What is a concave lens and how does it affect light?

A

A mirror that bulges inward. It collects the light and reflects it to a focal point in front of the mirror.

56
Q

What is a convex lens and how does it affect light?

A

A lens that bulges outwards. It reflects light and the focal point is behind the mirror and and makes it appear as if the image is coming from a smaller point behind the mirror,

57
Q

How does a refracting telescope affect light?

A

Telescope that uses two lenses to form an enlarged image.

58
Q

How does a reflecting telescopes affect light?

A

Telescope that uses two lenses to form a smaller image.

59
Q

What is bioluminescence?

A

The ability of certain organisms to produce light using chemicals.

60
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

Amount by which a machine can multiply force.

61
Q

What is speed ratio?

A

How the speed of an object is affected by a machine.

62
Q

What is linkage?

A

A series of gears with teeth that interlink.

63
Q

What are gears?

A

Wheels with teeth that interlink.

64
Q

Why can machine not be greater than 100% efficient?

A

Because of friction.

65
Q

What is regular reflection?

A

When light reflects off of a smooth surface,

66
Q

What are the four characteristics of light?

A

1) light travels in straight lines
2) can be reflected
3) can bend
4) is a form of energy

67
Q

What does the law of reflection state?

A

That the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of angle of reflection.

68
Q

What happens to light when it enters a denser medium?

A

It slows down, and refracts more causing it to bend toward the normal.

69
Q

What happens to light when it enters a less dense medium?

A

It speeds up, and will refract more causing it to bend away from the normal.

70
Q

Do concave lenses diverge or converge?

A

Diverge.

71
Q

Do convex lenses diverge or converge?

A

Converge.

72
Q

How is a real image formed?

A

By a convex lens when the rays meet at a point and the image can projected onto a screen.

73
Q

What is the the sclera?

A

The white part of your eye. It’s also the protective layer of the eye.

74
Q

What is the macula?

A

The area of the retina that gives central vision.

75
Q

What is the fovea?

A

The centre of the macula that gives the sharpest vision.

76
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

The clear, jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball.

77
Q

What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?

A

To move the stage up and down.

78
Q

What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob?

A

To move the stage side to side.

79
Q

What is the purpose of the body tube?

A

Connects the eyepiece to the objective lens.

80
Q

What is the purpose of the stage?

A

To hold the slide containing the specimen.

81
Q

What is the purpose of the eye piece?

A

To magnify the object.

82
Q

What is the purpose of the base?

A

Prevent the microscope from tipping.

83
Q

What is the purpose of the diaphragm?

A

To change the amount of light allowed through the microscope.

84
Q

What is the purpose of the arm?

A

To carry the microscope easily.

85
Q

What is the purpose of the lamp/mirror?

A

To provide light, in order to better view the specimen.

86
Q

What is the purpose of the revolving nosepiece?

A

It holds the objectives.

87
Q

What is the purpose of the objective lens?

A

Magnifies the image for the viewer.

88
Q

What is the purpose of the stage clips?

A

To hold the slide (containing the specimen) in place.

89
Q

What is the function of the right atrium?

A

Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

90
Q

What is the function of the left atrium?

A

Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

91
Q

What is the function of left ventricle?

A

When it contracts it pumps blood to the body.

92
Q

What is the function of the right ventricle?

A

When it contracts it pumps blood to the lungs.

93
Q

What is a esker?

A

A ridge of sand and gravel from sediment, deposited from glaciers.

94
Q

What is a drumlins?

A

Hills or sediment streamlined by glaciers flow.

95
Q

What is a moraine?

A

A pit of material left behind by glaciers.

96
Q

What is a kettle lake?

A

A pond/lake formed by a glacier, which is basically a pit filled with water.

8C Science 2022 (9 decks)

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