Fresh and Saltwater Systems (based on study guide)

Question 1

What is the difference between indirect and direct use of water? Provide examples for both.

Answer 1

Direct water use refers to the water use by the person them self. Indirect water use refers to the water use in the production chain of products bought by other people.
Direct- Bathing, cooking, drinking
Indirect- Producing Steel, Processing Wood for paper.

Question 2

How do tides work? (be prepared to draw a picture)

Answer 2

• The side closest to the moon feels a strong pull from the moon creating a bulge.
• The opposite side of the Earth also has a smaller bulge due to the moon pulling on Earth.
• The two bulges on both sides of Earth are the high tides.
• The other sides on earth are the low tides.
• There are two high tides and two low tides a day.

Question 3

What is the difference between a short-term and long-term change? Provide 2 examples of each.

Answer 3

Short-term-A sudden change in population that does not happen yearly (ex. algae blooms, fertilizer runoff), it does not last too long (1year)
Long-term-A change that does not happen yearly and has long lasting effects (ex. coral bleaching, climate change)

Question 4

How do water bodies affect climate?

Answer 4

If the water is warmer, the climate will be warmer with more precipitation.
If the water is cooler, the climate will be cooler with little precipitation.

Question 5

What is hard water?

Answer 5

water with a high concentration of mostly calcium and magnesium, can sometimes include iron. Soap does not bubble up in hard water (soap test)

Question 6

what is soft water?

Answer 6

Water containing little or no calcium or magnesium content is considered soft water.

Question 7

What is Salinity?

Answer 7

The amount of dissolved salts in a body of water

Question 8

What are the different characteristics of streams?

there are 9

Answer 8

speed of flow
quantity of water
stream shape
stream slope
riverbed shape
stream width
stream bank
sediment size
sediment amount

Question 9

What is diversity in an ecosystem?

Answer 9

The variety of different species in an ecosystem, may also be used to describe variety in a population or species.

Question 10

What is the most diverse ecosystem?

Answer 10

Tropical Forests

Question 11

What is fertilizer runoff?

Answer 11

the residue from excess fertilizer that finds it’s way into bodies of water. This causes algae blooms.

Question 12

What is sediment load?

Answer 12

Sediment load is a geologic term referring to the solid matter carried by a stream.

Question 13

How much water does industry use?

Answer 13

22%

Question 14

How much water does agriculture use?

Answer 14

73%

Question 15

How much water does domestic use?

Answer 15

5%

Question 16

What are three human activities that affect water bodies?

Answer 16

pollution, fertilizer runoff, waste, untreated sewage, etc.

Question 17

what are the zones in a lake? (be prepared to draw a diagram)

Answer 17

Littoral, Limetic, Euphoric, Profundal

Question 18

what are the zones in an ocean? (be prepared to draw a diagram)

Answer 18

Intertidal Zone, Continental Shelf, Oceanic Zone

Zone of Light penetration, zone of no light penetration

Question 19

What is potable water and where is it found?

Answer 19

Potable water is water that is safe for human consumption. It can be found at water treatment plants, glaciers, etc.

Question 20

What is wave action and how does it work?

Answer 20

Waves are changes in pattern that move along the water surface. A wave moves along the surface of the water, but the water itself moves only in a tiny circle in one place. Most waves are caused by wind.