Meat Chicken Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
what are feeding objectives
A
- high-quality meat for human consumption
- economically efficient production
- growth rate and feed efficiency
- carcass quality ( meat yield, freedom from skin defects)
- bird health
2
Q
what important nutrient concepts need to happen
A
- provide a balanced diet ( energy, protein, aa, minerals, vitamins and essential fatty acids)
- formulate diets to meet or exceed nutrient requirements
- formulate diets on the basis of digestible not total amino acid content (methionine and methionine plus cysteine most limiting, lysine is second most limiting)
- ideal protein ratio for amino acid formulation (relative to level of digestible lysine, match as closely as possible to the nutrient requirements of the bird)
3
Q
what are the different feeding programs used
A
- feed allocation ( number of feeds, pre starter diets )
- form ( crumbles, pellets, mash and whole grain feeding)
- medication ( anti- coccidial agents)
- growth promoters
- hormones not used
- feed costs
4
Q
what do chicken farmers of Canada use for antibiotics
A
- antibiotics ranked by health canada as categories 1 to 4 based on importance in human health
- may 2014 - elimination of category 1 antibiotics (those most important to human health)
- december 2018 - ending of category 2
- goal has been set to eliminate category 3 antibiotics
- RWA or NAE = same thing
5
Q
what are the antibiotic rankings
A
- very high importance
- high importance
- medium importance
- low importance
6
Q
what is RWA and NAE and whats the difference
A
- RWA = raised without antibiotics
- NAE = no antibiotics ever
- they are the same thing
7
Q
what tye of grain is found in chicken feed
A
- wheat
- corn
- barley
- pea
8
Q
what kind of protein is found in chicken feed
A
- soybean meal
- canola meal
- meat and bone meal
- DDGS
- animal and vegitable fat
9
Q
what crystalline AA is in chicken feed
A
- Met
- Lys
- Thr
- Trp
- Iso
- Val
- Leu ( not in canada)
10
Q
what minerals are found in chicken diets
A
- limestone
- calcium phosphate
- salt
- trace mineral suppliments
11
Q
what feed additives are found in chicken feeds
A
- pellet binders
- enzymes = phytase (phosphorus)
- carbohydrases - endo - xylanase, endo b glucanase
pigments = yellow skin and egg yolks = xanthophylls/ carotenoids
12
Q
what are alternates of antibiotics
A
- probiotics
- prebiotics
- essential oils ( anti microbial, immunodulating, and anti inflammatory)
- organic acids ( acidifying properties to prevent/ combate harmful microbial populations)
- anti oxidants ( preventing lipid rancidity in feeds)
- anti fungal agents
13
Q
what is looked for in carcass quality
A
- meat used in further procesing (economic return - cost of live production and processing )
- cut up trade
- whole bird market - graded free from breast blishers, leg disorders
- carcass fat - not a major issue
14
Q
what factors influence carcass composition
A
- low or unbalanced amino acid content = wont have the ability to build protein = reduces meat yeild (usually breast meat first)
- balance between energy and amino acid levels
- age ( fat and protien content increases with age )
- bird gender and genotype
15
Q
what are external carcass characteristics
A
- bruising
- skin condition (feathering)
- breast blister
