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Poultry AnSc 440 > Meat Chicken Nutrition > Flashcards

Meat Chicken Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are feeding objectives

A
  • high-quality meat for human consumption
  • economically efficient production
  • growth rate and feed efficiency
  • carcass quality ( meat yield, freedom from skin defects)
  • bird health
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2
Q

what important nutrient concepts need to happen

A
  • provide a balanced diet ( energy, protein, aa, minerals, vitamins and essential fatty acids)
  • formulate diets to meet or exceed nutrient requirements
  • formulate diets on the basis of digestible not total amino acid content (methionine and methionine plus cysteine most limiting, lysine is second most limiting)
  • ideal protein ratio for amino acid formulation (relative to level of digestible lysine, match as closely as possible to the nutrient requirements of the bird)
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3
Q

what are the different feeding programs used

A
  • feed allocation ( number of feeds, pre starter diets )
  • form ( crumbles, pellets, mash and whole grain feeding)
  • medication ( anti- coccidial agents)
  • growth promoters
  • hormones not used
  • feed costs
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4
Q

what do chicken farmers of Canada use for antibiotics

A
  • antibiotics ranked by health canada as categories 1 to 4 based on importance in human health
  • may 2014 - elimination of category 1 antibiotics (those most important to human health)
  • december 2018 - ending of category 2
  • goal has been set to eliminate category 3 antibiotics
  • RWA or NAE = same thing
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5
Q

what are the antibiotic rankings

A
  1. very high importance
  2. high importance
  3. medium importance
  4. low importance
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6
Q

what is RWA and NAE and whats the difference

A
  • RWA = raised without antibiotics
  • NAE = no antibiotics ever
  • they are the same thing
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7
Q

what tye of grain is found in chicken feed

A
  • wheat
  • corn
  • barley
  • pea
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8
Q

what kind of protein is found in chicken feed

A
  • soybean meal
  • canola meal
  • meat and bone meal
  • DDGS
  • animal and vegitable fat
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9
Q

what crystalline AA is in chicken feed

A
  • Met
  • Lys
  • Thr
  • Trp
  • Iso
  • Val
  • Leu ( not in canada)
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10
Q

what minerals are found in chicken diets

A
  • limestone
  • calcium phosphate
  • salt
  • trace mineral suppliments
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11
Q

what feed additives are found in chicken feeds

A
  • pellet binders
  • enzymes = phytase (phosphorus)
  • carbohydrases - endo - xylanase, endo b glucanase
    pigments = yellow skin and egg yolks = xanthophylls/ carotenoids
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12
Q

what are alternates of antibiotics

A
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • essential oils ( anti microbial, immunodulating, and anti inflammatory)
  • organic acids ( acidifying properties to prevent/ combate harmful microbial populations)
  • anti oxidants ( preventing lipid rancidity in feeds)
  • anti fungal agents
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13
Q

what is looked for in carcass quality

A
  • meat used in further procesing (economic return - cost of live production and processing )
  • cut up trade
  • whole bird market - graded free from breast blishers, leg disorders
  • carcass fat - not a major issue
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14
Q

what factors influence carcass composition

A
  • low or unbalanced amino acid content = wont have the ability to build protein = reduces meat yeild (usually breast meat first)
  • balance between energy and amino acid levels
  • age ( fat and protien content increases with age )
  • bird gender and genotype
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15
Q

what are external carcass characteristics

A
  • bruising
  • skin condition (feathering)
  • breast blister
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16
Q

what other minor roles does nutrition have

A
  • vitamin K - blood coagulation = to much delays clotting, excesive bleeding with minor injuries)
  • vitamine E/ selenium - exudative diathesis ( oxidation of the tissues - typical with rancid grains - neurological from imbalance peralysis )
17
Q

what major factors effect bruising

A
  • handling/ loading onto the truck
  • on truck bruising
  • poor feathering
18
Q

what happens to feathers when birds are amino acid deficient

A
  • methionine and cystine
  • abnormal feather growth
  • reduced feathering
  • feather eating
19
Q

what are some growth associated diseases

A
  • leg disorders
  • sudden death syndrome( metabolic)
  • chronic heart failure or ascites (metabolic)
20
Q

why can rapid growth be considered undesirable

A
  • metabolic disease
  • feed efficiency
  • slower early growth can improves bird health
  • particularly useful for birds kept to heavier weights and birds sold as whole carcasses (grading)
21
Q

what causes foot pad dermatitis

A
  • litter moisture - increases foot pad dermatitis
  • increased ammonia = more urea

Poultry AnSc 440 (16 decks)

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