Egg Production Hens Flashcards
why do meat birds take longer then layers
they are bread for different things - layers reach sexual maturity faster
what is the advantage to buy eggs from someone else
- less infastructure
- less labour
- less contamination/ biosecurity threat
- focus on one specific craft
what are some disadvantages to buying from someone else
- higher cost
- have to just trust the producer (with vaccinations, feed and biosecurity)
what is the brooding and rearing phase
0-19 weeks
what is the laying phase and breeding
- 19-71 weeks
what are different ways you can purchase eggs
- pie shells
- baked goods
- pickled eggs
- powder/dehydrated eggs
- liquid eggs
why choose colour over white as a producer
- consumer preference
- space requirements
- temperment
what is the difference between hen housed and hen day production
- hen house = accounting for mortality, lower than hen day because of this
- hen day = hen production for the day, know total hen days, doesnt account for mortality
- a producer must keep records every singer day
- for quota and productivity
- bird health and biosecurity
what are production characteristics
- body size
- egg weight
- egg shell quality
- albumen quality
what is sexing and why is it used
- there is no market for male chicks (euthnized in hatchery) used for food sources at zoo
what are two ways chicks are euthenized at the hatchery
- macerator - immediate - big blender
- CO2 gas - 40-60 seconds, burns and causes pain
what is sexing in ovo ? is it used
- needle that pulls a protein out to sex
- not commerical available - only has a 90% success rate
what is beak treatment and why is it used
- beaks have a hook on them that grabs skin and causes blood - canabolism commenses
- vascular growing tissue that is highly innervated= the tip of the beak has specialised nerve endings important ti sense of touch
- inferred lights comes over the tip and will fall off in a few days ( no pain response)
what is hot blade trimming
- an old school type of beak treating that would take a hot blase and burn off hook
- on first day there was no pain response but as week went on bird stopped moving and eating
how does inferred beak treatment help welfare
- tissue grows over the portion that falls off, keeping bacteria from getting inside
where are chicks placed
- reared in cages or on floor systems
- floors are cooler- temperatures are 1-2 degrees higher
- 35-36 degrees, with minimum ventilation
60% humidity
lighting program - supplimental waterers and feeders
brroder lamps sometimes used
how are vaccines given to pullets
- individual vaccinations
- drinking water (oral)
- spray (misting oral)
- eye drop ( drops in eyes)
- winf web injection ( blood vessels catch vaccines)
what types of vaccinations are given
- mareks
- newcastle
- infectious bronchitis
- salmonella
- coccidiosis
what are advantages to purchasing pullets
- have 1 barn
disadvantages of purchasing pullets
cost
why moniter body weight
- start at 5 weeks of age
- relate to diet changes
- 80% of birds within plus or minus 10% of the mean
- broilers can get fat easily
-layers need deit changes to suit production
what can feed consumption of pullets impact
- body weight
- performance = more eggs more food
- temperature
- feathering condition - less feather - eat more
feed texture pellet vs mash - pellets are eaten more - energy level - eat to energy requirement
- nutrition imbalanced - eat to catch up
why are pre lay diets important to medullary bone development
- hens will use medullary bone for calcium intake
- if there is none trebecular/ corticol bone will be broken down/ used up and the birds will loose strenght
what is corticol bone
- outside bone hard
what is trebecular bone
pieces within corticol bone
what is medullary bone
- soft bone, inner filling of the corticol and trebecular
what are nutrient requirements of laying hens
protein - 18.5 g
lysine - 0.87g
calsium 4.10g
phosphorus - 0.42 g
diet energy content 2800
what are industry issues
- housin - conventional cages
- value of hen at end of laying cycle (disposal of hens - composted)
- salmonella - regular monitoring
