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KNPE 486: Motor Skills > Measuring Motor Skills > Flashcards

Measuring Motor Skills Flashcards

1
Q

What are two general categories of measurement’s?

A
  1. Performance outcome measures.
  2. Performance production measures
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2
Q

Performance outcome measures?

A
  1. Indicates outcome or result of performing a motor skill
  2. Ex. How far the ball was thrown.
  3. Does not measure muscles activated or movements.
  4. Time to complete a task, reaction time.
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3
Q

Performance production measures?

A
  1. Indicate activity of specific aspects of motor control system during the performance.
  2. Which muscle was responsible for the movement.
  3. ROM, displacement, velocity, acceleration, EMG.
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4
Q

Reaction Time (RT)

A
  1. Indicates how long it takes to prepare or initiate movement.
  2. Interval of time between onset of stimulus and movement.
  3. Before movement begins.
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5
Q

What are the 3 components or RT?

A
  1. Stimulus Identification
  2. Response selection
  3. Response programming
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6
Q

Stimulus Identification

A
  1. Depends on the characteristics of the stimulus or modality
  2. Picking out a stimulus out of many stimuli
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7
Q

Response selection

A

“Knowing” what happened in the environment, the subject decides what response to make.

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8
Q

Hicks Law

A
  1. The time required to make a decision about a response is correlated with the number of alternatives.
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9
Q

Response Programming

A
  1. Involves the set of muscular actions that will achieve the desired action
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10
Q

How is reaction time shortened?

A

Anticipation can reduce time it take to react to something by taking response selection out of the picture.

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11
Q

What does electromyography (EMG) allow us to do?

A
  1. enables us to fractionate RT to obtain more specific info about movement preparation.
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12
Q

What are the two fractionated RT components?

A
  1. Pre motor time
  2. Motor time
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13
Q

Pre motor time

A
  1. Quiet interval between onset of stimulus and beginning of activity.
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14
Q

Motor time

A
  1. Interval from the initial increase in muscle activity until the actual limb movement.
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15
Q

What are error measures?

A
  1. Involve spatial, temporal measure’s or both.
  2. Spatial = dimensions/distance.
  3. Temporal = time
  4. Error measures allow us to evaluate performance for skills that have spatial or temporal accuracy action goals.
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16
Q

Performance Bias (one dimensional accuracy goals)

A
  1. A persons performance may be inaccurate because the person has the tendancy to overshoot or undershoot the goal.
17
Q

Performance Consistency (One dimensional accuracy goals)

A
  1. Another reason for performance inaccuracy for a series of repetitions is performance consistency.
18
Q

What are the 3 error measures?

A
  1. Absolute error (AE)
  2. Constant Error
  3. Variable Error
19
Q

Absolute Error (AE)

A
  1. Absolute value of difference between the actual performance on each trial and the criterion for each trial.
  2. Measure of the magnitude of an error without regard to the direction of the deviation.
  3. Provides a general index of performance capacity.
20
Q

Constant error

A
  1. Algebraic value of difference between the actual performance on each trial and the criterion for each trial. It represents the amount an direction of deviation.
  2. Index of performance bias
21
Q

Variable error

A
  1. The standard deviation of the CE scores. An error score representing the variability of the performance.
  2. Index of performance consistency (variability)
22
Q

When would a task become a two dimension system?

A
  1. When the task involves a measure of both vertical and horizontal directions
23
Q

Kinematics

A
  1. Describes motion without regard to force or mass that causes the motion.
  2. Performance production measures.
24
Q

What does kinematics measure?

A
  1. Displacement: Change in position of a limb or joint over time.
  2. Velocity: Rate of change of displacement (speed). V = displacement/time.
  3. Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity, A = velocity/time.
25
Q

Kinetics

A
  1. The study of the role a force as a cause of motion.
    a. Human movements organized by external and internal forces.
    b. Importance of force: All three newtons law of motion refer to force.
    c. Angular force= torque
26
Q

EMG

A
  1. Electromyography: Recording of muscle electrical activity (when muscle begins and ends activation)
27
Q

wMMG

A
  1. Whole muscle mechanomyography: Displacement of muscle belly after stimulation.
28
Q

NIRS

A
  1. Near infrared spectroscopy: Level of oxygen in the muscle (or brain)
29
Q

What are the 3 measures commonly reported in motor learning and control?

A
  1. EEG
  2. PET
  3. FMRI
30
Q

EEG

A
  1. Electroencephalography: Measures electrical activity in brain
  2. Active brain regions produce electrical activity.
31
Q

PET

A
  1. Position Emission Topography: Neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow to the brain.
  2. Blood flow increases to active brain regions
32
Q

fMRI

A
  1. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow changes by detecting blood oxygen levels.

KNPE 486: Motor Skills (13 decks)

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