Measuring Globalisation Flashcards
Zambia:
- 8th largest producer of raw and processed (1)
- Landlocked so relies on (2) to access ports by (3)
- 1860km railway named (4) developed using (5) investment and upgraded since 2000 causing an increase in exports by (6)
- copper
- political relations
- rail
- TamZam railway
- Chinese
- 2008
Zambia:
- Benguela rail link carries copper to (1) by (2) investment
- Zambia’s debt was reduced by (3)
- (4) of FDI in copper industry
- By 2014 (5) of adults could access the internet
- Angolan coast
- Chinese
- Debt cancellation and privatisation
- $20 billion
- 23%
Tanzania:
- Fertile (1) soil so (2) of working population in agriculture
- Global overproduction of (3) so prices decreased
- GDP fluctuates due to (4) as they are less able to (5)
- volcanic
- 80%
- cotton
- no guaranteed income
- import goods
Tanzania:
- (1) (HIPC) had many debts cancelled to invest in schools and health
- Increasing (2) links
- (3) of adults could access internet in 2014
- Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
- Investment
- 26%
What three countries are affected most by poverty in the Sahel?
Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso
Why are Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso LEDCs? (5)
- Poor management of natural resources
- Availability of Human Resources dating back to colonial times
- Lack coastline to attract FDI
- Desertification
- Extremist environments make infrastructure more expensive
Why are farmers part of the poverty problem in poor areas of the Sahel?
- May become dependent on aid
- Some grow cash crops for TNCs e.g. cotton in Mali but for poor wages so little spending power = not viable markets for investment = switched off from consumer networks
The Sahel:
- Rapid economic growth in (1) provides hope
- Mali’s (2) have large global interest on YouTube
- Conflicts in the region involve links to (3) global terror network
- Nigeria
- folk musicians
- Al Qaeda’s
Define a ‘switched on place’
Nations, regions or cities connected to other places through production and consumption of goods and services
Give two environmental reasons why a place may be switched on or off
- vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards e.g. Philippines
- poor resources for agriculture e.g. Eritrea
Give four economic reasons why a place may be switched on or off
- controlled by TNCs due to old trade agreements e.g. Sierra Leone
- low prices for food exports due to overproduction and trade rules e.g. Ethiopia
- physical isolation and land locked location deters FDI e.g. Niger
- Infighting over resources e.g. Sudan
Give four political reasons why may be why a place is switched on or off
- Lack of skills and education deters TNCs e.g. Somalia
- Political isolation e.g. North Korea
- Resources controlled by small elite e.g. Zimbabwe
- Ethnic clashes and civil war e.g. DR Congo
What can be used to measure globalisation? (4)
Flows
Media
Movements
Technologies
What is the scale, categories and weightings of the KOF index?
1-100 (most globalised)
Economic - 37%
Social - 39%
Political - 24%
What makes up the economic category of the KOF index?
- Actual flows and restrictions
- Cross border transactions
- Volume of FDI
What makes up the social aspect of the KOF index?
- Personal contact
- Information flow
- Cultural proximity
What makes up the political aspect of the KOF index?
- Diffusion of gov policies
- Membership of IGO
- Number of foreign embassies
- Participation in international treaties
What are the four main indicators of the AT KEARNEY index?
- Political engagement e.g. peacekeeping organisations
- Technological activity e.g. internet users
- Personal contact e.g. remittance payments
- Economic integration e.g. FDI
What makes the AT KEARNEY different from the KOF index?
- Scale of 0-1 not 0-100
- FDI and telephone traffic have double weighting
- Covers 96% of global GDP
- Covers 84% of global population
- Only includes 64 countries
Name three forms of globalisation
Economic
Cultural
Political
What is the globalisation index?
Tracks and assess four components of global integration, in 2007 ranked 72 countries which covered 97% of the world’s GDP and 88% of population.
What four components does the globalisation index include?
- Economic integration from FDI, inflows and outflows and travel and tourism
- Personal contact including remittances and international phone calls
- Tech connectivity for the number of internet users
- Political engagement in IGOs
Name the first and last KOF countries in 2016
Netherlands 91.7
Puerto Rico 53.49
Give some advantages of the KOF index
- used since 1970
- weighting system accounts for missing data and discrepancies
- 24 variables
- 158 countries
Give some disadvantages of the KOF index
- some countries shown as more globalised than they really are
- Internet skews data
- over represents small countries e.g. Belgium
- informal economies and illegal migrants not accounted for
- shared diplomatic offices not included
Give two advantages of the Kearney index
- 96% of GDP and 84% population
- comparison over time
Give some disadvantages of the Kearney index
- bias for small countries
- smaller countries have greater need of FDI
- only 64 countries included
- no explanation for measurement of cultural trends
- weightings not clear
Give an example of economic globalisation
Flows of goods or trade
Give an example of social globalisation
Spread of culture
Give an example of political globalisation
Shared political ideas/ diplomatic offices
Give an example of cultural globalisation
Chain restaurants
Identify four of the main global flows
Goods/ capital
People
Technologies
Culture
Name the three factors that have led to the expansion of TNCs
Motive
Means
Mobility
Describe motive as a factor of expanding TNCs
- Economies of scale
- Capitalism
- Horizontal integration (buying up the competition)
- Vertical integration (owning every stage of production)
Describe means as a way of expanding TNCs
- Investing overseas
- Reverse colonialism
Describe mobility as an expansion of TNCs
- Cheaper transport costs
- Bulk buying
- Improved technology
Name the top three outsourcing countries
India
Philippines
China
Name three benefits of outsourcing and offshoring
- Lower service costs due to lower wages
- Tax incentives in SEZs
- Larger talent pool and markets
Name three disadvantages of outsourcing and offshoring
- reduced customer services
- cultural differences
- communication problems e.g. time zones
Define ‘glocalisation’
When a company restyles it’s products to suit local tastes
Give an example of Disney glocalising
First global TNC to glocalise e.g. Mulan to enter Chinese market and Lion King for Africa
How has McDonalds glocalised?
India - Maharaja Mac with lamb not beef
Israel - no cheeseburgers so kitchen remains kosher
Germany - sell beer
Japan - green tea shakes
