Consequences and responses Flashcards
Give some examples of how higher incomes have changed consumer patterns
- In the last 50 years, global meat consumption has quadrupled (environmental and health costs)
- Coffee production has doubled since 1960 but an estimated 25 million growers are in extreme price volatility
- 270 million tonnes of plastic produced in 2013 alone
Define ‘sustainability’
Meeting the needs of those present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Define ‘economic sustainability’
Individuals and communities should have access to a reliable income over time
Define ‘social sustainability’
All individuals should enjoy a reasonable quality of life
Define ‘environmental sustainability’
No lasting damage should be done to the environment, renewable resources must be managed in ways that guarantee continued use
Goods once sourced locally are now (1), negative effects of consumption are often (2) and consumers don’t always know the (3) e.g. (4) of cotton farmers
1 - imported
2 - away from the place consumers live
3 - full footprint of products
4 - pesticide exposure
Some groups promote (1) as a response to globalisation with the aim of (2). Localism describes a range of (3) to support local control of (4) and promotion of local (5)
1 - local sourcing 2 - increasing sustainability 3 - political philosophies that prioritise local 4 - government 5 - history, culture and identity
Give three costs of local sourcing on consumers, producers and environment
C - Local sourcing more expensive
P - Lack of economic development for places such as Ivory Coast
E - Heated greenhouses in UK have larger carbon footprint than imported Spanish tomatoes
Give three benefits of local sourcing on consumers, producers and environment
C - Organic farming methods have health benefits
P - UK farmers have moved up the value chain by manufacturing locally sourced items
E - 1992 Rio summit ‘Think global, act local’ to reduce carbon footprint
Describe the case study of the Winchester Action on Climate Change (WinACC)
- local group aim to mitigate the negative effects of society
- save energy in local homes
- local council to support the emerging low carbon economy
- discussions to reduce carbon footprint
Give an example of a local sourcing solution that aims to reduce carbon footprints
A carbon tax
Describe the case study of Todmorden
- Transition town in the South Pennines
- Food on sale is grown locally
- Received National Lottery funding to create 40 public fruit and veg gardens
What is ethical consumption and positive buying?
Deliberately choosing a purchase because of the product’s ethical nature
What is the aim of ethical buying?
Reduce inequalities of global trade and improve the working conditions for disadvantaged groups
How does Ethical Consumer magazine promote positive buying?
Ratings tables for different products and services based on ethical criteria such as animal rights, human rights and pollution