Cultural diffusion and globalisation Flashcards
Define ‘cultural diffusion’
The spread of cultures around the world as a result of globalisation
Give some examples of cultural traits
Food, Religion, Language, Morals, Music, Clothing, Ethics and Behaviours
Define ‘cultural imperialism’
The practice of promoting a culture or language of one nation to another, normally from a powerful one
Give three examples of soft power
Influences, political views and diplomacy
Define ‘globish’
A form of basic English that consists of 1500 words which are not necessarily spoken but widely understood
Give an example of cultural diffusion on Asia
- Increased meat consumption
- Biggest market in the world for processed meat (China)
Give some examples of social and environment effects of cultural diffusion
- increased methane emissions
- increased agriculture and livestock farming
- pressure on plant and animal species
- rainforest clearing to create space for soya cultivation
What is the combined value of the 100 biggest brands since 2000
$3.5 trillion
Globalisation is a (1) game but some are gaining more than others, the overall size of the economy is the (2) which has increased but the (3) known as the slices are not equal
Positive sum
Pie
Shares of growth
Why do some nations benefit more than others?
Attitude to embrace globalisation, exports, money and communications e.g. Malawie is poor and landlocked so doesn’t benefit as much
Rapid development of LEDCs through trade and (1) e.g. (2)
(3) from TNCs helps to start economies alongside (4) transfer
Specialisation
China and India
FDI
infrastructure and technology
Reduction in (1) enables richer MEDC markets for (2) Quickly improved employment (3)
Trade barriers
Trade
Incomes and SoL
Economic (1) means profits and top jobs go back to MEDCs
(2) in LEDCs by TNCs including (3) wages and environmental damage similar to ‘(4)’
Leakage
Exploitation
Labour conditions
Neocolonialism
(1) power of MEDCs can still (2) prices for many LEDCs to keep them poor so many MEDCs are reliant even on (3) products e.g. Zambia exports are (4)% copper
Monopsony
Decrease
Primary
70
How has the UK protected its heritage?
400,000 listed buildings, 20,000 scheduled ancient monuments and over 40 registered historic battlefields
Describe the loss of tribal lifestyles in Papua New Guinea case study
- more than 7000 different cultural groups with their own language
- Generally rely on subsistence farming
- Partly British and partly German colony in 1884 and gained independence in 1975
- Missionaries suppressed tribal ‘warfare’
- Increased intermarriage between different cultural groups as well as Westernisation failed pass on native language
- Giant copper machine built in 1964
- Riots following 1988 when revolutionary army and police moved into mines
What are structuralists
Groups who oppose globalisation due to the inequalities such as capital vs labour and racial inequality which can only be resolved by structural change
How do some groups believe inequality from globalisation can be eradicated whilst still supporting globalisation?
Promotion of free trade and free markets to eradicate the losers and winners inequality but still supports globalisation because eventually they will receive the same benefits as western countries
How are landscapes shaped?
By culture and history e.g. Stonehenge
Modern e.g. London’s docklands
Mixed e.g. Louvre
Describe the world social forum
- Opposed to neoliberalism and a world dominated by capital
- Debate ideas democratically to formulate proposals and network for effective action
- Open meeting place for social movements, networks and NGOs
What is the viewpoint of the world social forum
Inequality driven by a ‘power-grab’ by wealthy elites
Describe the world economic forum
- Exclusive Swiss mountaintop resort
- 2500 business leaders
- Make deals and discuss global issues
- FDI and trade deals made
What is the viewpoint of the world economic forum?
To improve the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of the society to shape global, regional and industrial agendas. Globalisation to drive economic growth so all countries and companies can benefit.
Describe the case study of the Paralympic movement
- First organised event for disabled athletes was the 1948 summer Olympics in London
- Dr. Guttmann hosted a sports competition for British WW2 veterans with spinal cord injuries
- Aim to create elite sports competition for disabled people equal to Olympics
- First Paralympics in 1988 Seoul directly after Olympics using same facilities
- Shows how globalisation can create a new opportunity for disadvantaged groups
Give the view of the hyper-globalisers
- Globalisation is successful
- Cultures and economies become more integrated
- World will be more homogenous
Give evidence that supports hyper-globalisers
- TNC marketing strategies create consumer demand across cultures
- Decline in local and national identity
What is the view of the transformationalists?
- Cultures are dynamic in approach to globalisation
- Homogenous culture is not inevitable
- Cultures will change in different ways and may even become hybrid cultures
What evidence do transformationalists use?
Rap music emerged in the USA but developed culturally varying in Japan and France
What is the view of the sceptics?
Globalisation is profound in global economies and reflects interdependence, beyond this core there is a marginalisation not destruction of poorer groups
What evidence do sceptics use?
Rise of China, India and Iran will limit the dominance of the Western culture and ensure continuing cultural heterogeneity
